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• W281364184 abstract "Toni Morrison's Sula (London: Vintage, 1973) which meditates on female companionship and nature and meaning of good and evil through its vivid portrayal of two black girls, Nel Wright and Sula Peace, also ably documents the complexities of life during first part of twentieth century ... especially for black (Bessie W. Jones and Audrey L. Vison. The World of Toni Morrison: Explorations in Literary Criticism. [Durbuque: Kendall/Hunt, 1985]: 49). Such a social realist concern is unmistakably evident not only in Morrison's fictionalization of conflicted racist ideologies and implications of immigrant presence on African American opportunities but also in novelist's meticulous recording of steady gains made by African Americans in occupational industry during post - World War II period. The first half of twentieth century in America with its unprecedented racism coupled with a liberal policy on immigration aimed at expediting its industrializing mission witnessed selection and organization of nation's labor force in certain ways. More significantly, nation was in grip of a fierce competition and conflict among various racial and ethnic groups attendant on its structural characteristics being decisively impacted by immigrants drawn largely from Southern and Eastern European ethnicities. Victim of racist ideologies and baleful immigrant presence, African Americans' deteriorating socio-economic conditions during this era also made them vulnerable to psychological trauma of every kind. The vexatious issue of racial discrimination in work world is forcefully exemplified in Sula through a perceptive delineation of lives of Jude Greene and Ajax. Their living conditions in novel are richly suggestive of lot of African Americans in occupational industries during first half of twentieth century. As a rule then, whites passed over blacks in labor market preferring cheap labor of immigrants. For instance, gang boss of road crew turns down Greene despite his six-day long wait to get a hearing, though former would mindlessly pick[s] out thin-armed white boys from Virginia hills and bull-necked Greeks and Italians (82). Such institutionalized racism in a way engendered a new social order where immigrants enjoyed a higher premium than that of blacks who were consigned to social and economic deprivation. Starkly enough, Greene sees whites hiring three feeble old colored men for petty jobs including picking up, food bringing and other small errands (81). Morrison makes a telling comment on rancor of white psyche that would rather see blacks deskilled and permanently languish under low-paid menial jobs. If Greene's plight reveals force of racial discrimination in world of civil labor, that of Ajax's gives an insight into near invisibility of blacks in skilled workforce such as air force industry. Ajax despite his impressive physique (5'11'', 152 lbs. …" @default.
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• W281364184 date "2007-03-01" @default.
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• W281364184 title "Immigration and Labor Patterns in Toni Morrison's Sula" @default.
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