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• W281648527 abstract "Founded by William D. Fard and Elijah Poole (better known as Elijah Muhammad) in Detroit in 1930s, Muslim movement soon attracted hundreds of thousands of young followers with its militant doctrine of black supremacy, what historian Arthur S. Link calls an explicit, uncomprising racism (765). Muslims predicted that inevitable downfall of white civilization would be followed by black race's domination of world. Muslim activities in 1930s paled by comparison with their militant organization in 1960s. Though he later broke with Elijah Muhammad, legendary Malcolm X initially agreed with him that there could be no compromise with white men. Organized in 1966, aggressive Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and its chairman Stokely Carmichael likewise proclaimed Black Power and war against whites, as did Bobby Seale and Huey Newton who created Panther Party, in some ways Muslims' Marxist offshoot, in Oakland, California, same year. Expounding martial arts and marksmanship as well as Marxism, Panthers urged that ghetto youth demand respect, especially from often trigger-happy white police, with whom Panthers occasionally engaged in shootouts. H. Rap Brown, Panther leader, proposed guerrilla warfare against white establishment. A Muslim-turned-Panther, Eldridge Cleaver, party's minister of information, perhaps most eloquently expressed radical black views in little classic Soul on Ice (1968). Echoing Muslim stance since 1930s, he describes white people as a race of devils, created by their maker to do evil, and make evil appear as good.... The white race is natural, unchangeable enemy of man, who is original man, owner, maker, cream of planet Earth. Cleaver eventually lost faith that Allah would soon exterminate Caucasian race, and that the black man would ... inherit earth, which has always, in fact, been his (66). Although Panthers faded away during 1970s, in late 1980s and early 1990s Muslim leaders once again prominently appeared in American cities, especially New York, to propagate their doctrine of black superiority. Manhattan, home of Muslim leader Louis Farrakhan, City College Professor of African Studies and Political Science Leonard Jeffries, and Hunter College Professor Emeritus John Henrik Clarke, is locale of their Antisemitic, anti-white cohort. They read Michael A. Bradley's The Iceman Inheritance: Prehistoric Sources of Western Man's Racism, Sexism, and Aggression, which, largely ignored when it first appeared in 1978, has received much better treatment since Farrakhan and Jeffries espoused its views in speeches, lectures, and sermons. It was republished in 1991, about same time as printing of Muslims' official historical work, bizarrely entitled The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews, which blamed Jews for slave trade. Read by college-educated blacks seeking identity and racial pride, The Iceman Inheritance is popular with Afrocentrists, who insist that all civilization began in Africa, that ancient Egyptians were Negroid and Greeks and Romans merely boorish imitators, parasites and despoilers of their culture. Not only are whites deficient in intelligence and creativity, their descent from brutish (caveman) of Stone Age explains their palpable violence and depravity. Bradley charges that Jews were first, purest and oldest--hence most bestial--of Neanderthal Caucasoids. Professors Clarke and Jeffries convey message of The Iceman Inheritance before large audiences at colleges, universities, and public auditoria. Khallid Abdul Muhammad, one of Farrakhan's spokesmen, told Barnard College audience in November 1992 and students at Kean College in New Jersey following year white crackers and devils must atone for enslaving blacks (Columbia Spectator, June 1, 1994). …" @default.
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• W281648527 date "1999-03-22" @default.
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• W281648527 title "The Iceman Cometh: Diderot, Herder, and D. H. Lawrence View the African Ideal" @default.
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