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• W283371503 abstract "I. INTRODUCTIONIn 2000, Beijing finally won a long, hard-fought battle to be the host city for the 2008 Olympics.1 The streets of the city filled with jubilation and national pride as thousands of people flocked to Tiananmen Square-the once infamous plaza became a center of celebration.2 While the citizens rejoiced, the Chinese government immediately began preparations to build an Olympic project unprecedented in modern history.3 As a catalyst for the modernization of Beijing, the government cleared miles of residential land for new complexes and infrastructure in preparation for the critical eyes of the international community.4 These actions are attracting worldwide scrutiny as hundreds of thousands of homes are taken in China's drive for economic development.5China, however, is no stranger to this kind of attention. Controversial policies, such as the decision to undertake the project of the Three Gorges Dam, and the economy's improbable growth, have effectively placed the previously secretive nation within the international gaze.6 With the pressure of being the fastest growing economy in the world, China is undertaking a large-scale urban renewal project with the aim of encouraging private development and new infrastructure.8 Collective urban land in China is increasingly allocated to private developers, transforming courtyard homes housing multiple families to commercial property.9 In Beijing alone, the government has evicted about 300,000 residents from their homes per year, sometimes forcefully, in order for the city to make way for the thirty-eight billion dollar Olympic project.10 These evictions reportedly happen without notice, minimal or no compensation, and little legal recourse.11In response to these forced evictions, the citizens have taken to the streets again, but not in celebration.12 According to one estimate, hundreds of thousands of displaced residents have participated in protests against forced evictions.13 These protests range from peaceful sit-ins and marches on Beijing, to self-immolation and suicide.14 The Chinese government responded to these protests by arresting both protest leaders and lawyers attempting to defend the rights of the evicted.15What might be surprising given this backdrop, however, is that the Chinese government has been taking steps toward a more definitive rule-of-law, loosening its grip on social controls and acquiescing to more reforms.16 This allowance led to recognition of property rights, even constitutional reforms acknowledging the right to compensation for the state's use of eminent domain.17 There are official regulations that provide avenues for disputing the amount of compensation offered to the evictee, as well as a right to file civil suit for inadequate settlements at adjudication.18 The level of enforcement by the Chinese judiciary, however, leaves much to be desired.Similar gaps between statutory authority and the political reality of property rights enforcement is a repetitive theme throughout world history. In the United States during the nineteenth century, early government regulation of urban land favored private development over individual land rights.19 Faced with a growing nation, the United States government was likewise under pressure to adapt to a rapidly growing market economy, and responded by putting its land into the hands of private developers.20 China's current policies, albeit tumultuous, mimic strategies the United States undertook in times of national economic expansion. The United States also prioritized economic development by transferring private property to the hands of private developers.While it is easy to encourage China to take the same course America did in granting absolute protection of individual property rights, the characteristics of the two countries differ to the extent that this wholesale adoption would be unreasonable. Given the intensity of international scrutiny and social unrest in China now, the laws and procedure regarding the recent forced evictions is an ideal place to begin discussing Chinese property reform. …" @default.
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• W283371503 date "2006-06-01" @default.
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• W283371503 title "Trading the People's Homes for the People's Olympics: The Property Regime in China" @default.
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