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• W284652068 abstract "In re Chiquita Brands Int'l, Inc., 792 F. Supp. 2d 1301 (S.D. Fla. 2011). Some U.S. corporations support, fund, or even commit acts of terrorism, despite foreseeable outcry and public condemnation. (1) These corporations have harmed both U.S. and foreign citizens, leaving victims to question whether any civil remedies exist to pursue justice and achieve restitution. (2) In In re Chiquita Brands Int'L, lnc., (3) District Court for Southern District of Florida explored potential claims available to families whose relatives fell victim to a known Colombian terrorist group working closely with Chiquita corporation in Uraba, Colombia. (4) The court dismissed plaintiffs' claims of terrorism and material support of terrorism under Alien Tort Statute (ATS) but permitted claims of torture, extrajudicial killing, war crimes, and crimes against humanity under ATS and Torture Victim Protection Act (TVPA). (5) Chiquita Brands Int'l., Inc. owned and operated banana plantations in Colombia through its subsidiary C.I. Bananos de Exportacion, S.A. (Banadex). (6) The plantations, located in Uraba region of Colombia, served as a front for Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia (AUC), a paramilitary nationalist group responsible for deaths of numerous civilians and guerilla insurgents from early 1990's through 2004. (7) Around 1995, Chiquita began paying AUC to protect its plantations from insurgents and to prevent labor strikes against Chiquita. (8) The AUC received a monthly commission based on number of banana boxes Chiquita was able to ship. (9) In April, 2003, senior Chiquita executives notified United States Department of Justice (DO J) that Chiquita had been making payments to AUC, a known terrorist organization. (10) Just before Chiquita met with DOJ officials in April, 2003, Chiquita ordered Banadex to continue paying AUC and payments continued until February, 2004. (11) Additionally, Chiquita corporate officials met with AUC leaders and facilitated arms shipments for AUC. (12) In March, 2007, heirs of AUC's victims learned of Chiquita's contributions to AUC after Chiquita pied guilty to violating federal anti-terrorism laws in United States District Court for District of Columbia. (13) As a result, in June, 2007, relatives of victims filed first of several civil complaints. (14) As other complaints against Chiquita continued to accumulate, Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation consolidated and transferred all of civil actions to District Court for Southern District of Florida. (15) Chiquita moved to dismiss complaints by arguing primarily that plaintiffs failed to state a claim and that court lacked subject matter jurisdiction. (16) The District Court granted Chiquita's motions to dismiss in part and denied motions to dismiss in part. (17) The ATS, enacted by Congress in 1789, provides that the district courts shall have original jurisdiction of any civil action by an alien for a tort only, committed in violation of law of nations or a treaty of United States. (18) In 2004, Supreme Court established a new standard for recognizing causes of action under ATS by holding that any action proposed for inclusion should violate a well-defined and universally accepted international law norm. (19) The Court specifically articulated that international comity should be of particular concern when foreigners injured outside of United States seek to establish violations of international norms as new ATS claims. (20) Currently, torture and extrajudicial killing, war crimes, and crimes against humanity are recognized as violations of law of nations. (21) The Anti-Terrorism Act (ATA) provides for a narrower set of claims for acts of terrorism under which U.S. nationals may recover damages. (22) Additionally, although a defendant may not be directly responsible for tortious action under ATS, he may be held liable under theories of secondary liability. …" @default.
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• W284652068 date "2013-01-01" @default.
• W284652068 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W284652068 title "Terrorism and Material Support of Terrorism Do Not Constitute Alien Tort Statute Claims under the Law of Nations" @default.
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