Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2850869301> ?p ?o ?g. }
- W2850869301 endingPage "175628641878507" @default.
- W2850869301 startingPage "175628641878507" @default.
- W2850869301 abstract "Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) represents a rare inflammatory disease affecting the brain and spinal cord. Stroke, encephalopathy, headache and seizures are major clinical manifestations. The diagnosis of PACNS is based on the combination of clinical presentation, imaging findings (magnetic resonance imaging and angiography), brain biopsy, and laboratory and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) values. PACNS can either be confirmed by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)/conventional angiography or tissue biopsy showing the presence of typical histopathological patterns. Identification of PACNS mimics is often challenging in clinical practice, but crucial to avoid far-reaching treatment decisions. In view of the severity of the disease, with considerable morbidity and mortality, early recognition and treatment initiation is necessary. Due to the rareness and heterogeneity of the disease, there is a lack of randomized data on treatment strategies. Retrospective studies suggest the combined administration of cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids as induction therapy. Immunosuppressants such as azathioprine, methotrexate or mycophenolate mofetil are often applied for maintenance therapy. In addition, the beneficial effects of two biological agents (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab and tumour necrosis factor-α blocker) have been reported. Nevertheless, diagnosis and treatment is still a clinical challenge, and further insights into the immunopathogenesis of PACNS are required to improve the diagnosis and management of patients. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of diagnostics, differential diagnoses, and therapeutic approaches of adult PACNS." @default.
- W2850869301 created "2018-07-19" @default.
- W2850869301 creator A5002116757 @default.
- W2850869301 creator A5018501367 @default.
- W2850869301 creator A5034872348 @default.
- W2850869301 creator A5038373894 @default.
- W2850869301 creator A5071144602 @default.
- W2850869301 creator A5078364894 @default.
- W2850869301 creator A5083741311 @default.
- W2850869301 date "2018-01-01" @default.
- W2850869301 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W2850869301 title "Primary angiitis of the central nervous system: diagnosis and treatment" @default.
- W2850869301 cites W134565724 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W1487048316 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W1518634452 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W1520735896 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W1533640705 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W1773767296 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W1821880519 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W1919987866 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W1924633386 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W1935104065 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W1963538018 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W1964813785 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W1965324469 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W1972472822 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W1980088640 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W1980216631 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W1982694435 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W1986927946 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W1987219056 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W1988087743 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W1988130018 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W1989260320 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W1998416434 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W1999598556 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W1999641615 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2004216768 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2006207912 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2009716829 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2014988707 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2015310325 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2018391436 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2019232284 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2021866581 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2022089396 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2027738506 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2028133110 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2028346714 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2028804775 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2029889742 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2030807138 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2031227955 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2032328769 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2032870707 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2037290539 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2037769894 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2038084278 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2038707210 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2039387203 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2044285413 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2044856076 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2045070327 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2047643279 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2048175067 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2050022388 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2055855958 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2057825412 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W20586882 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2059980505 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2063296977 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2071427442 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2073263219 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2073624150 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2075956197 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2077760114 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2079383987 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2080360664 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2082957927 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2083173854 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2098778388 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2101064809 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2102499873 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2103576033 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2104426550 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2107357857 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2113626835 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2121595827 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2125282348 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2125710674 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2128582617 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2131211198 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2140563110 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2148897022 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2150975811 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2156384979 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2160011733 @default.
- W2850869301 cites W2160881990 @default.