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• W285433480 abstract "INTRODUCTION I begin by noting a change in sub-title of my paper from what was originally publicized. The new sub-title is, Focus on Five Core Values. Every constitution in modern era must contain these five core values in order to be considered worthy of name constitution. A constitution has been described as soul of a nation; and a constitution without these core values may be likened to a body without soul. As someone who has been involved in constitution making, I think it is worth pointing out connection between constitutional engineering and statecraft. In recent years, state actors, supported by community of scholars and practitioners, have been increasingly relying on constitutional engineering creating bridges of understanding among different segments in divided societies. It is always better to build bridges, rather than walls, in all nations and societies divided along ethnic, racial or class lines. This is particularly case in societies in transition from conflict to post-conflict situations, or from autocratic to democratic governance. Constitution makers start their work by asking two related questions: What should be included in a constitution, and how long should it be? These questions logically raise another one: How does one determine what should or should not be included in a constitution? Is there a set of universally applicable criteria, or is each country's choice determined by specific historical conditions? The answer to last question must be both. From writing of American constitution onward, modern constitutions have been based on preceding models or experience, modified to suit conditions of particular country. How much such modification affects universal principles differs from case to case. Nonetheless, point of departure must be historical, socio-political condition of country concerned. It is worth noting here that American constitution was not a novel invention owing nothing to other ideas and experiences. In crafting what later became a model, American constitution makers borrowed from French Enlightenment ideas like separation of powers, and from Iroquois nation, federal system of government. Scholars and statesmen have wrestled with question concerning size and content of constitution; and some have attempted to provide general rules good constitution writing. For example, Lord Bryce, British scholar and statesman, affirms rule of brevity in writing a constitution, adding simplicity of language and precision as essential requirements. In this respect, he ranks American constitution above all other hitherto written constitutions for intrinsic excellence of its scheme, its adaptation to circumstances of people, simplicity, brevity, and precision of its language, its judicious mixture of definiteness in principle with elasticity in The last phrase is worth emphasizing: a judicious mixture of definiteness in principle with elasticity in detail. Drafting a constitution can thus be likened to both a work of art and an engineering project, it can test writing skill of best draftsman in choice of language, precision and clarity, while at same time requiring craftsmanship in building edifice of state institutions. An edifice is built to last, and in case of a constitutional edifice, it has to be built to weather storms of changing political fortunes, as it were. (1) To take another statesman's counsel, this time from France, constitution must be kept neutral. This was according to Abbe Sieyes, who influenced constitution making in post-revolutionary France. He counseled that constitution must be kept neutral or at least open-ended in political and ideological terms, particularly Bill of Rights provisions. For, otherwise, they may be too closely identified with the transient fortunes of a particular party or pressure group, and rise and fall with them. …" @default.
• W285433480 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W285433480 date "2011-03-22" @default.
• W285433480 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W285433480 title "Framing the State in Times of Transition: Focus on Five Core Values" @default.
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