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• W285965362 abstract "After signing the Dayton Agreement it is obvious that the civil part of the implementation is much harder and slower than the military one.1 More than seven years after the Dayton Accords effectively ended the horrific civil war between Muslims, Serbs, and Croats in the former Yugoslavia,2 the country of and Herzegovina3 remains mired in economic and political stagnation. In December 1995 in Dayton, Ohio, the governments of and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Yugoslavia signed the General Framework Agreement for Peace (Dayton Accords).4 This settlement divided into two geographically separate political entities: the Federation of and Herzegovina (the Federation), which is predominantly Muslim and Croat, and the Republika Srpska (RS), which is predominantly Serb.5 Each entity comprises about half of Bosnia's land area, and it is little exaggeration to say that, despite the end of large-scale military conflict, Bosnia remains a country in name only.6 The overwhelming bulk of political and economic control is in the hands of the entities and the still smaller political units within them. One commentator has observed that the state government of seems to be essentially a customs union with a foreign ministry, thus indeed a government with no authority within its territory.7 Another commentator has pointed out that [l]acking an effective central government or the ability to represent itself externally, the state does not possess the substantive attributes of sovereignty.8 It is difficult to disagree with the conclusion of the International Crisis Group (ICG) that the constitution conceived at Dayton is dysfunctional, having created two (or three)9 entities which were-and remain-locked in mutual enmity, dead-set against coordinated action for the common good, and led by politicians interested mainly in consolidating their wartime gains by retaining control over economic prizes.10 The Peace Implementation Council (PIC), the consortium of foreign nations overseeing the development of the Bosnian state, argues that [a] self-sustainable market-orientated economy cannot be built in an environment where the principles of economic logic are overruled by the objectives of maintaining political control.11 An additional problem is that the rule of law throughout the country is highly unstable.12 This Article argues that the decentralized political and constitutional structure of the country, as established by the Dayton Accords, is a major culprit in Bosnia's failure to develop its economy, even by the modest standards of other countries recovering from the ravages of cold and hot wars. Decentralization is largely responsible for the country's fiscal chaos, widespread corruption, excessive bureaucracy impeding business development, and inability to attract foreign investment. Part I outlines the political structure of the country and its constituent parts, as well as major political developments in the last five years. Part II details the state of the economy and the governmental flaws that have contributed to it. Part III suggests long-term solutions to the problems that plague this war-torn country of and Herzegovina. I. POLITICAL STRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT The Dayton Accords emphasized the political significance of the two entities as opposed to that of the central state government: The responsibilities and the organization of the Government of the Federation and the Government of the Republic of and Herzegovina must be separated. While working together in a spirit of cooperation for the benefit of the population, neither government may interfere in the exclusive competencies of the other government. . . . The Government of the Republic must retrain [sic] only those functions that enable it to act as the government of the internationally recognised state of and Herzegovina. . . . All other functions will be transferred to the government of the Federation. …" @default.
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• W285965362 date "2005-01-01" @default.
• W285965362 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W285965362 title "Jigsaw Sovereignty: The Economic Consequences of Decentralization in Post-Dayton Bosnia" @default.
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