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- W286531493 abstract "15 JULY 1915 * 31 OCTOBER 2005 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS EVEN IN HIS STUDENT DAYS1 it was evident that William Baker was a highly intelligent and exceptionally well-disciplined individual who, among many other notable attributes, had the ability to both advise and lead others. He was born in Chestertown, Maryland, on 15 July 1915 and in the normal course of basic education obtained a bachelor's degree in science at Washington College in Maryland. He selected chemistry at Princeton University for graduate work, focusing on polymer research with Professor Charles Smyth, the brother of the physicist Harold Smyth, who eventually won much distinction in connection with the preparation of a history of the first nuclear weapons. The chemistry department at Princeton was in the course of a very healthy upswing in the hands of a gifted English physical chemist, Hugh Stott Taylor, who later became an equally progressive dean of the graduate school. Taylor was particularly proud of two of students, namely, William Baker and E. Bright Wilson. The latter had been an undergraduate in chemistry at Princeton and had carried out graduate study and research with Linus Pauling at the California Institute of Technology. He had continued his career as a not atypical professor at Harvard University. It is to be emphasized that the systematic exploitation of polymer chemistry was still in its youthful stage at this time in the 1930s. Research in the field was wide open, and the promises for new discoveries and applications were bright. Baker had clearly chosen a dynamically moving frontier at which to carry out research and development. On leaving Princeton in 1939, Baker selected an opening as a bench chemist in polymer research at the Bell Telephone Laboratories, then nearing its peak as one of the wonders of the world. He was undoubtedly attracted by the wide diversity of activities in both the company and the laboratories. One can also assume that he had long since been spotted by the management of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company as a potentially strong leader who possessed characteristics that met the high standards of the company. It is suggested that Dr. Ralph Bowen within the managerial staff of the laboratories was the individual who first appreciated Baker's superior qualities and supported him. Baker was soon made head of the polymer division of the laboratories, where he stimulated many new activities and applications, including the search for new synthetic rubbers during World War II. By 1953 his successes had been sufficiently notable that he was appointed head of research in the physical sciences; he then moved on to become vice president for research (1955-73). The latter assignment took place during the successful development of integrated circuits and communication satellites and the start of their all-pervasive applications. Baker was in the forefront of leadership during this revolutionary phase of electronics. It was typical of the presidents of the Bell Telephone Laboratories to regard their responsibilities as extending beyond the immediate, although highly important, problems associated with the maintenance and evolution of the telephone system. Baker was no exception. He followed closely in the footsteps of his predecessors Frank Jewett, Mervin Kelly, and James Fisk. Jewett had left the presidency of the laboratories to become president of the National Academy of Sciences and personal adviser to President Franklin Roosevelt just as we were being engulfed in World War II. He brought the Academy out of a period of sloth associated with the Great Depression and moved it into the ranks of the institutions that were managing wartime research with distinction. His influence there has continued to this day. Mervin Kelly in his day had been active in almost all the principal seats of authority for science and technology in the United States. James Fisk, a near contemporary of Baker, carried on this tradition in his own way. …" @default.
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- W286531493 title "William Oliver Baker" @default.
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