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• W286734740 abstract "I. INTRODUCTION Although constitutional rights of students in public are not automatically coextensive with the rights of adults in other settings,' it has long been established that students do not shed their constitutional rights to freedom of or expression at the schoolhouse gate.2 Within this understood premise, the Supreme Court has struggled to define the extent of students' First Amendment rights in the schoolhouse. Exemplified by Tinker v. Des Moines and increasingly in the second half of the Twentieth century, that struggle gained notoriety and has emerged again most recently with the Court's decision in Morse v. Frederick. II. CONFLICTING DECISIONS IN TINKER AND MORSE On January 24, 2002, Joseph Frederick, a senior at Juneau-Douglas High School in Alaska, attended a school-sanctioned, supervised event that allowed students to watch the Olympic Torch Relay, which was to pass directly in front of the school.3 While waiting with fellow students, Frederick unfurled a fourteen-foot banner he had made, which read, BONG HiTS 4 JESUS.4 Upon seeing the sign, Principal Deborah Morse immediately crossed the street and demanded that Frederick, and those assisting him, take down the banner.5 All but Frederick complied, earning him a ten-day suspension.6 After Frederick's suspension was upheld administratively, he filed a civil rights suit, alleging that the State, through Principal Morse, had deprived him of his constitutional right to free under the First Amendment. After losing in federal district court, Frederick appealed and won before the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals.7 The case made its way to the Supreme Court of the United States and was decided, in favor of Principal Morse, on June 25, 2007 .8 The decision in Morse was a stray by the Court from its earlier decision in Tinker. In Tinker v. Des Moines, students who wore armbands at to protest the Vietnam War were suspended for violating a policy against such expression.9 The Court ruled that this could not be suppressed for a multitude of reasons that will be discussed throughout this note. The similarities between Tinker and Morse are numerous, yet their respective results are different. This is the first of many negative consequences stemming from the Court's puzzling conclusion in Morse, which goes against forty years of First Amendment precedent. In upholding Frederick's suspension for flying his banner, the majority reasoned that the analysis in Tinker is not unassailable, and therefore is not automatically applicable to this case.10 Also, the Court ruled that the state, and thus the school, had a legitimate public interest in quelling it believed advocated illegal drug use among age children. Finally, the Court ruled the banner constituted a substantial disruption of educational activities, justifying its suppression.12 This note will examine and rebut each proffered justifications. A. Application of the Tinker Analysis As a preliminary matter, it is undisputed by all but Frederick that this is a speech case. The facts conclusively show that Frederick's behavior, though not occurring inside the typical classroom environment, occurred during a school-sanctioned event and on or very near property. To conclude or assert otherwise is simply unfounded, though it would make the coming argument much easier to make. Such a fact, however, is not the lynchpin in the logic of the majority or the dissent. Rather, the greater issue lies in whether or not to apply the Tinker analysis - something the Court ultimately decided not to do, with great consequence and little justification. The first and most important part of the Court's decision in Morse is its refusal to apply the long-established analysis in Tinker, which requires that student materially and substantially disrupt the work and discipline of the school in order to justify restriction. …" @default.
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• W286734740 date "2009-07-01" @default.
• W286734740 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W286734740 title "'Shedding Their Rights at the Schoolhouse Gate': Morse V. Frederick and the Student's Right to Free Speech" @default.
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