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- W287768227 abstract "In the present chapter we discuss the impact of a host stars radiation and plasma environment to the escape Atmospheric escape and evolution of hydrogen-dominated exoplanet atmospheres Exoplanet atmospheres . We focus mainly on planets within the Earth- to super-Earth mass domain and consider both, thermal and nonthermal atmospheric escape processes. The type of thermal loss mechanism depends on the so-called escape parameter, which is the ratio of the gravitational energy of a particle to its thermal energy. For low values of this parameter a planetary atmosphere switches from classical Jeans Jeans escape to modified Jeans escape and finally to hydrodynamic blow off. During blow off the majority of the atmospheric particles dispose of enough energy to escape the planet’s gravity field. This leads to extreme gas losses Thermal escape . It is shown that non-thermal losses for light species such as hydrogen never exceed blow off escape, but they are of significant importance for planets with relatively weak Jeans-type Jeans escape escape Atmospheric escape or heavier particles (e.g., O, C, N). From the diversity of non-thermal escape mechanisms, in the present chapter we focus on ion pick-up and discuss the importance of other loss mechanisms. The general conclusion of the chapter is, that escape processes strongly shape the evolution of exoplanet atmospheres and determine, if the planet loses its hydrogen and/or volatile-rich protoatmospheres or, on the contrary, remains as a mini-Neptune Mini-Neptune , which can probably not be considered as a potential habitat as we know it." @default.
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- W287768227 date "2014-09-18" @default.
- W287768227 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W287768227 title "Stellar Driven Evolution of Hydrogen-Dominated Atmospheres from Earth-Like to Super-Earth-Type Exoplanets" @default.
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- W287768227 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09749-7_7" @default.
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