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- W2883258790 endingPage "707" @default.
- W2883258790 startingPage "700" @default.
- W2883258790 abstract "The formation of o-quinones from direct 2-electron oxidation of catechols and/or two successive one electron oxidations could explain the cytotoxic/genotoxic and/or chemopreventive effects of several phenolic botanical extracts. For example, poison ivy contains urushiol, an oily mixture, which is oxidized to various o-quinones likely resulting in skin toxicity through oxidative stress and alkylation mechanisms resulting in immune responses. Green tea contains catechins which are directly oxidized to o-quinones by various oxidative enzymes. Alternatively, phenolic botanicals could be o-hydroxylated by P450 to form catechols in vivo which are oxidized to o-quinones. Examples include, resveratrol which is oxidized to piceatannol and further oxidized to the o-quinone. Finally, botanical o-quinones can be formed by O-dealkylation of O-alkoxy groups or methylenedioxy rings resulting in catechols which are further oxidized to o-quinones. Examples include safrole, eugenol, podophyllotoxin and etoposide, as well as methysticin. Once formed these o-quinones have a variety of biological targets in vivo resulting in various biological effects ranging from chemoprevention -> no effect -> toxicity. This U-shaped biological effect curve has been described for a number of reactive intermediates including o-quinones. The current review summarizes the latest data on the formation and biological targets of botanical o-quinones." @default.
- W2883258790 created "2018-08-03" @default.
- W2883258790 creator A5018963712 @default.
- W2883258790 creator A5065440983 @default.
- W2883258790 creator A5088160011 @default.
- W2883258790 date "2018-10-01" @default.
- W2883258790 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W2883258790 title "Formation and biological targets of botanical o-quinones" @default.
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