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- W2883369622 abstract "The management of nuclear energy in France was restricted until the mid 1970’s to a small circle of government experts. Within the scientific community criticism against nuclear power mostly targeted nuclear weapons while the sphere of civil nuclear energy remained unchallenged. The launch of the French nuclear programme in 1974 led to the first protest against civil nuclear power and its management within the scientific community. The mobilisation of thousands of researchers against the programme, initially through a petition, the so-called “Appeal of the 400”, then through the creation of an association, the “Group of Scientists for Information on Nuclear Energy (GSIEN)”, beside reflecting a rupture in the relations with science, progress and decision-making processes in the nuclear field, also expressed in the following decades the appropriation of critical knowledge on nuclear risks by the actors of non-governmental organisations. The criticism raised by scientists in 1975 therefore underlies two major shifts between the 1950s to 1990s in collective action vis-a-vis nuclear risk: from the mobilisation of “distinguished scientists” against the atom bomb in the 1950s and 1960s (Joliot, Russell, Einstein, Rostand) to the politicisation of nuclear power by “critical scientists” in the post-May 1968 period (GSIEN) and finally, after the Chernobyl accident, to the rise of associations of counter-expertise on nuclear energy (creation of expert NGOs such as the Commission for Independent Research and Information on Radioactivity-CRIIRAD and the Association for the Control of Radioactivity in the West-ACRO). This paper examines the crucial role that the community of physicists has played in transforming the relations between scientists, science, expertise and society." @default.
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- W2883369622 date "2006-01-01" @default.
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- W2883369622 title "Nuclear Energy: From the Mobilization of the Scientific Community to the Rise of Counter-Expertise" @default.
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