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• W2883535446 abstract "AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of leaves of Oryzasativa Linn. by carrying out the pharmacological studies with the aqueous extract of leaves ofOryza sativa Linn.While over-the-counter painkillers can be really helpful, and in some cases may be thebest option, they can also cause gastrointestinal upset and definitely aren’t the best long-termstrategy for coping with chronic pain. The goal is, of course, to try and help relieve pain bydeveloping a new herbal remedy for the inflammatory action. Among the variousComplementary and alternative medicine, “herbal medicine” is the most popular and fastestgrowing approach used to treat various ailments worldwide.[1]The side effects produced by the synthetic agents include dizziness, weakness andincreasing the gatric ulceration, elevates liver enzyme (diclofenac),nausea, vomiting, pruritis,headache, insomnia, steven johnson syndrome, peptic ulcer and nephrotoxicity caused byNSAIDs (aniline derivative), etc.The key to reduce chronic inflammation in our body starts with our diet and beingliberal in the use of high-quality herbs and spices is one simple way to boost the quality ofour food. They are an inexpensive secret weapon that just about everyone can takeadvantage of. Spicing up our meals is not enough, however, if processed foods comprise thebulk part of our life. Thus there is a need to replace synthetic agents by safe and effectiveplant based herbal remedies as anti-inflammatory agents. Many plants extracts have beenused as anti-inflammatory agent in folklore claim and in traditional medicines. DISCUSSION:At present, most inflammatory diseases are treated with conventional antiinflammatorydrugs, such as steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (SAIDs) and non-steroidalanti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, prolonged use of these drugs may producemany adverse effects, including gastrointestinal disorders,[68,69] immunodeficiency andhumoral disturbances.[70] From long time plants have been used as source of drugs for thetreatment of various ailments in developed as well as developing countries. In the presentstudy, aqueous extract of leaves of Oryza sativa Linn. was evaluated for its and antiinflammatoryactivity in experimental rats.Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the aqueous extract of leaves of Oryzasativa Linn. showed the presence of phytochemical such as Alkaloids, Carbohydrate,Steroids, Phenols, Flavanoids, Terpenoids.Acute oral toxicity studies of the aqueous extract of leaves of Oryza sativa Linn.were performed by using OECD 423 guidelines. Studies did not exhibit any lethality orany profound toxic reactions at a dose of 2000 mg/kg/p.o. According to the OECD 423guidelines, for acute oral toxicity study, LD50 dose of 2000 mg/kg/p.o of the aqueousextract of leaves of Oryza sativa Linn. was found to be safe.From this statistical analysis, it was concluded that the ‘Carrageenan induced’ Group IIshows the inflammatory action and elevated level of Paw Volume is observed. But the 4thand 5th group deals with the anti-inflammatory activity of the aqueous extract of leaves ofOryza sativa Linn. which gives low Paw Volume at the end of 6th h. The antiinflammatoryactivity is more effective in Group IV Carrageenan induction with oraladministration of aqueous extract of leaves of Oryza sativa Linn. of 200 mg/kg/p.ocompared to Group V in which Carrageenan given after the oral administration ofaqueous extract of leaves of Oryza sativa Linn. of 400 mg/kg/i.p. Significant inhibitionof paw edema was observed with both doses tested till the sixth hour. However,maximum inhibition of paw edema was found to be in Group IV 87.24 % and althoughthe inhibition of paw edema with the extract was higher than that found with the standarddrug Indomethacin. The low percentage of inhibition is 43.12 % which belongs to theGroup II i.e., Carrageenan alone induced. The duration of action was found to becomparable to that of Indomethacin till the sixth hour during investigation. CONCLUSION: Phenolics are ubiquitous secondary metabolites in plants and possess a wide rangeof therapeutic uses such as antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, free radicalscavenging activities. These also decrease cardiovascular complications. The scavengingability of the phenolics is mainly due to the presence of hydroxyl groups. The aqueousextract of leaves of Oryza sativa Linn. showed significantly higher inhibition percentage(stronger hydrogen-donating ability) positively correlated with total phenolic content.Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds, which exhibit severalbiological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-hepatotoxic, anti-ulcer, anti-allergic,anti-viral, and anti-cancer activities. The present investigation suggests that the aqueousextract of leaves of Oryza sativa Linn. shows good antioxidant activity, reducing power,free radical scavenging activity and hepatic protection. Phytochemical screening of theaqueous extract of leaves of Oryza sativa Linn. reveals the presence of Alkaloids,Carbohydrate, Steroids, Phenols, Flavanoids, Terpenoids.Acute oral toxicity studies of the aqueous extract of leaves of Oryza sativa Linn. did notproduce any mortality or signs of toxicity at the dose of 2000 mg/kg b.w/p.o, inexperimental rats.Since carrageenan-induced inflammation model is a significant predictive test for antiinflammatoryagents acting by the mediators of acute inflammation the results of thisstudy are an indication that Oryza sativa Linn. can be effective in acute inflammatorydisorders.[3] In this study, maximum inhibition of paw edema was found to be in GroupIV pretreated with the aqueous extract of leaves of Oryza sativa Linn. (400 mg/kg).Although the inhibition of paw edema with the extract was higher than that found withthe standard drug Indomethacin is suggestive of its protective effect against inflammation.During inflammation, the extracellular proteins of the connective tissue can also bedegraded by proteases released from (polymorphonuclear) PMNs or macrophages. It isnot easily decided at present whether proteolytic degradation or free radical – dependentfragmentation is responsible for the phagocyte dependent connective tissue lesions andmost likely these are not mutually exclusive. A preceding or simultaneous free radicalinduced fragmentation could render the connective tissue accessible to enzymatic degradation. The aqueous extract of leaves of Oryza sativa Linn. (400 mg/kg) possessgood anti-inflammatory activity against carageenan induced paw edema by increasing thelevel of TP, ALP, SGOT and SGPT in serum.Our body has an effective defense system against free radical induced damage. It consistsof a set of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, two of the key components of which iscatalase (CAT) Superoxide dismutase (SOD).[71] Superoxide production by leukocytesapparently contributes to the killing of ingested bacteria.[72]Regarding non-enzymic antioxidants, reduced glutathione (GSH) is a critical determinantof tissue susceptibility to oxidative damage. It is an intracellular reductant which isextensively found in cells. It protects cells against electrophilic attacks by xenobioticssuch as free radicals peroxides. In the present study it is observed that, the antioxidantstudies reveal that the levels of renal (hepatic enzymes) GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx andNa+/K+ATPase in the carageenan treated animals were decreased significantly along withan increased LPO content compared to control group. On treating with the aqueousextract of leaves of Oryza sativa Linn. (400 mg/kg) LPO, GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx,Na+/K+ATPase levels were increased with negative control.In the present study it was confirmed that, the aqueous extract of leaves of Oryza sativaLinn. (400 mg/kg) possess anti-inflammatory activity. The result also supports the plantin the treatment of inflammation related disease traditionally.Further isolation, characterization and purification of the active constituents and furtherexperimentation would be necessary to elucidate the exact mechanism of action of leavesof Oryza sativa Linn." @default.
• W2883535446 created "2018-08-03" @default.
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• W2883535446 date "2016-10-01" @default.
• W2883535446 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2883535446 title "Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Aqueous Extract of Leaves Of Oryza Sativa Linn in In-Vitro Enzyme Assays and Carageenan Induced Paw Edema in Wistar Rats" @default.
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