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- W2885292964 abstract "How do fish, insects, and other organisms survive in frigid polar environments? They do so with the help of remarkable molecules known as antifreeze proteins (AFPs), which suppress freezing and associated cell death despite being present at concentrations of less than 1 wt % (1). In contrast, automotive antifreeze needs roughly 20 to 50 wt % of the additive to function (2). AFPs are able to suppress freezing at such low concentrations because, unlike antifreeze, they do not rely on altering the inherent structure of water; instead, they bind to nascent ice nuclei and prevent them from growing (3). Thus, being able to recognize and preferentially bind ice in a vast excess of water is the key to AFP function (1). However, in the absence of any chemical differences between water and ice, how do AFPs discriminate between them? Moreover, both water and ice are composed of a tetrahedral network of hydrogen bonds, so even the structural differences between them are subtle. Indeed, how AFPs are able to perform what has been touted as one of the most challenging molecular-recognition tasks in all of biology has long been a source of amazement and intrigue (1, 4). In PNAS, Hudait et al. (5) clarify important aspects of the ice-recognition puzzle by using molecular simulations to study Tm AFP, a hyperactive insect AFP.What makes this puzzle even more fascinating is that a wide array of organisms, ranging from bacteria to insects and fishes, has independently evolved AFPs that display substantial differences in their sequences, structures, and ice-binding sites (IBS) (6, 7). In other words, there is not one, but a diversity of motifs that can confer AFPs with their ice-binding abilities. What, then, are the characteristic features of IBS, and how do they enable AFPs to bind ice? Early … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: amish.patel{at}seas.upenn.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1" @default.
- W2885292964 created "2018-08-22" @default.
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- W2885292964 date "2018-08-06" @default.
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- W2885292964 title "Antifreeze protein hydration waters: Unstructured unless bound to ice" @default.
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- W2885292964 doi "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1810812115" @default.
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