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• W2889436294 abstract "Long-lived trees with extreme longevity maintain some growth capacity and defy aging. Mosaic-like organization of meristematic (growing) points is one of the most important mechanisms behind their extreme longevity. Senescence cannot be gauged in long-lived trees growing in their natural habitat because of limited sample size at advances ages. Despite cases of extreme longevity in nonclonal trees, immortality can be achieved only through clonal reproduction or the germ line. Tree growth and longevity are key features to understand fundamental issues of plant biology, environmental sciences, and current forest management plans. Here I discuss current evidence on the limits of tree growth and longevity and present a new conceptual framework to understand how and why they are closely interconnected. Despite the tremendous plasticity of trees, growth and longevity are limited not only by biotic and abiotic stresses, but also by age-related structural constraints such as height-related hydraulic limitations and vascular discontinuities, which are strongly species specific. Continuous growth and plastic branching may serve as a means to reach extreme longevities in some nonclonal trees, but even in these millennial organisms immortality can be attained only through the germ line. Tree growth and longevity are key features to understand fundamental issues of plant biology, environmental sciences, and current forest management plans. Here I discuss current evidence on the limits of tree growth and longevity and present a new conceptual framework to understand how and why they are closely interconnected. Despite the tremendous plasticity of trees, growth and longevity are limited not only by biotic and abiotic stresses, but also by age-related structural constraints such as height-related hydraulic limitations and vascular discontinuities, which are strongly species specific. Continuous growth and plastic branching may serve as a means to reach extreme longevities in some nonclonal trees, but even in these millennial organisms immortality can be attained only through the germ line. measure of time (without implicitly negative connotations). the phenomenon whereby the growth of the main, central stem of the plant is dominant over other, side stems. aboveground plant parts. tree-core dating to estimate age, growth, and past climate. time over which half of the individuals can be expected to die. new lateral growth point in the canopy derived from the differentiation of an axillary meristem. measure of the average time an organism is expected to live. duration of life. maximum duration of life for a given species. undifferentiated plant stem cell that potentially forms a new organ. capacity to form new branches from axillary meristems after a perturbation or stress factor. capacity to rebound after a perturbation or stress factor. capacity to avoid or withstand/tolerate a stress factor. negative effects of aging on the physiology of the organism (physiological senescence) or the survival rates of a population (demographic senescence). physiological process by which a stress factor (see below) limits growth at the cellular, tissue/organ, or organism level. any condition, either biotic or abiotic, that limits growth at the cellular, tissue/organ, or organism level." @default.
• W2889436294 created "2018-09-07" @default.
• W2889436294 creator A5024947844 @default.
• W2889436294 date "2018-11-01" @default.
• W2889436294 modified "2023-10-11" @default.
• W2889436294 title "Limits to Tree Growth and Longevity" @default.
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• W2889436294 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2018.08.001" @default.
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