FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2889749022> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W2889749022 endingPage "1166" @default.
• W2889749022 startingPage "1164" @default.
• W2889749022 abstract "Calciphylaxis has historically been understood as an issue of soft tissue and vascular calcium deposition associated with advanced renal failure. In other words, historically, renal failure was necessary for the diagnosis of calciphylaxis and coupled with renal bone mineralization disorders, sufficient to lead to calciphylaxis. Traditionally, therefore, therapy involved correction of these abnormalities of calcium/phosphorus and parathyroid hormone (PTH)/vitamin D metabolism and management of the “uremic milieu.”1Nigwekar S.U. Kroshinsky D. Nazarian R.M. et al.Calciphylaxis: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment.Am J Kidney Dis. 2015; 66: 133-146Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (255) Google Scholar, 2Nigwekar S.U. Thadhani R. Brandenburg V.M. Calciphylaxis.N Engl J Med. 2018; 378: 1704-1714Crossref PubMed Scopus (199) Google Scholar Much has been learned over the decades since this condition was initially recognized, including information provided by isolated case reports and small series of cases of calciphylaxis not associated with renal failure; such literature emphasized the association of this condition with the use of warfarin.3Nigwekar S.U. Wolf M. Sterns R.H. Hix J.K. Calciphylaxis from nonuremic causes: a systematic review.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008; 3: 1139-1143Crossref PubMed Scopus (300) Google Scholar However, despite tremendous efforts to change practice with respect to appropriate management of vitamin D, PTH levels, with close attention to avoidance of calcium overload and concomitant phosphorus management, reports of calciphylaxis have not lessened over time.1Nigwekar S.U. Kroshinsky D. Nazarian R.M. et al.Calciphylaxis: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment.Am J Kidney Dis. 2015; 66: 133-146Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (255) Google Scholar, 2Nigwekar S.U. Thadhani R. Brandenburg V.M. Calciphylaxis.N Engl J Med. 2018; 378: 1704-1714Crossref PubMed Scopus (199) Google Scholar Indeed, in recent years, despite national trends of improved management of bone mineral disorders associated with chronic kidney disease, reports of this devastating condition nonetheless continue to increase.1Nigwekar S.U. Kroshinsky D. Nazarian R.M. et al.Calciphylaxis: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment.Am J Kidney Dis. 2015; 66: 133-146Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (255) Google Scholar, 2Nigwekar S.U. Thadhani R. Brandenburg V.M. Calciphylaxis.N Engl J Med. 2018; 378: 1704-1714Crossref PubMed Scopus (199) Google Scholar, 3Nigwekar S.U. Wolf M. Sterns R.H. Hix J.K. Calciphylaxis from nonuremic causes: a systematic review.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008; 3: 1139-1143Crossref PubMed Scopus (300) Google Scholar This situation calls into question whether our current understanding of calciphylaxis is complete. Alternative explanations for this condition have hence been proposed, and the article in this issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings by Bajaj et al4Bajaj R. Courbebaisse M. Kroshinsky D. Thadhani R.I. Nigwekar S.U. Calciphylaxis in patients with normal renal function: a case series and systematic review.Mayo Clin Proc. 2018; 93: 1202-1212Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (31) Google Scholar emphasizes our need to begin more systematic investigation of the pathophysiology of calciphylaxis. This work clearly documents a substantial number of cases of calciphylaxis involving patients without renal failure in the case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and in the literature. Essentially, in our historic paradigm, “uremia” was thought necessary to the diagnosis, although not necessarily sufficient to cause calciphylaxis. The work by Bajaj et al4Bajaj R. Courbebaisse M. Kroshinsky D. Thadhani R.I. Nigwekar S.U. Calciphylaxis in patients with normal renal function: a case series and systematic review.Mayo Clin Proc. 2018; 93: 1202-1212Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (31) Google Scholar suggests that another paradigm shift needs to be entertained and that uremia is neither necessary nor sufficient to lead to this devastating condition. Bajaj et al undertook a retrospective investigation of individuals who had lesions consistent with calciphylaxis and normal renal function, or nonnephrogenic calciphylaxis (NNC). The study combined 2 groups, one culled from the records of MGH and the other based on a survey of the world literature. Patients from the MGH cohort included 9 patients seen from January 1, 2014, through February 29, 2016. The vast majority of these patients were female (78%) and white (89%). These individuals were identified through a combination of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revisions codes and the pathology database. Inclusion required preserved renal function with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) greater than 60 mL/min per per 1.73 m2. The cohort obtained from review of the world literature identified 107 patients reported from August 1, 1970, through July 31, 2016. This cohort also identified the vast majority of patients as female (77%) and white (86%). Again, normal renal function in the systematic review was defined as a GFR greater than 60 mL/min per per 1.73 m2. Interestingly, in the current work, a marked increase in the reporting of NNC occurred after 2010, with 61% of the cases being reported since 2011.4Bajaj R. Courbebaisse M. Kroshinsky D. Thadhani R.I. Nigwekar S.U. Calciphylaxis in patients with normal renal function: a case series and systematic review.Mayo Clin Proc. 2018; 93: 1202-1212Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (31) Google Scholar Among the MGH cohort of patients with NNC, no less than 78% of this group were treated with vitamin K antagonists, specifically warfarin. Other concomitant/associated conditions included obesity, liver disease, malignancy, autoimmune disorders, diabetes, and nephrolithiasis, with most patients having more than one condition. Emphasizing the nonnephrogenic nature of this cohort, serum calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and PTH levels (with one exception of an elevated PTH level) were all within normal limits. Among the small, but well-defined, MGH cohort, follow-up duration was approximately 28 months, during which the median survival was only 24 months with mortality occurring in 4 of the 9 patients. All of the patients in the MGH cohort received sodium thiosulfate, analgesics, direct wound care, and withdrawal of vitamin K antagonists (warfarin). The causes of death, not unexpectedly, were primarily infectious and cardiovascular in origin. Somewhat encouragingly, 3 of the 9 patients had lesion improvement at 6-month follow-up. The cohort of patients in the systematic literature review included 83 case reports in 12 case series. Again, Bajaj et al4Bajaj R. Courbebaisse M. Kroshinsky D. Thadhani R.I. Nigwekar S.U. Calciphylaxis in patients with normal renal function: a case series and systematic review.Mayo Clin Proc. 2018; 93: 1202-1212Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (31) Google Scholar identified vitamin K antagonism, obesity, and diabetes mellitus as the most common associated/concomitant factors identified along with NNC. Also consistently, 89% of the patients in the literature cohort had at least 2 of the contributing associated/concomitant factors and normal markers of bone metabolism. Management varied and was not uniform in the literature cohort, with less than half of the patients in this cohort receiving sodium thiosulfate. Bajaj et al acknowledged several caveats, including the inability to accurately assess the true incidence or prevalence of NNC from this work. Case findings, essential in the literature cohort, are hampered by publication bias and by the vagaries of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revisions coding factors in database searches. Additionally, reliance on GFR reports can be problematic in literature review studies because correction factors for weight and other important clinical circumstances are often not available with medical record–reviewed creatinine or GFR reports. Finally, the inherent difficulty in assessing the histopathology of the lesion in the literature cohort may lead to overreporting of lesions similar in appearance to calciphylaxis. How does this article help clinicians? The data provided highlight the concomitant/associated factors of white race (White), female gender (Women), vitamin K antagonism (Warfarin), and obesity (over-Weight). These “Four Ws” provide a very useful anchoring concept for clinicians when NNC is suspected and diagnosed. The striking associations of white race, female sex, use of vitamin K antagonists, and obesity with these devastating skin lesions are absolutely consistent across both subgroups of patients with calciphylaxis, namely, those with renal failure, as described in the current literature, and those with preserved renal function, as described in the present study. The mortality risk calciphylaxis imposes on patients with either renal failure or preserved renal function is striking. This article highlights not only a tremendous need for devoted attention to understanding the true pathophysiology of calciphylaxis but also the need for all disciplines to become aware of this condition, particularly in light of the increasing incidence of obesity and diabetes across the globe. Effective therapeutic strategies for calciphylaxis, however, do exist. Namely, withdrawal of inciting factors including vitamin K antagonists, utilization of sodium thiosulfate, potential use of non–vitamin K antagonist anticoagulation therapy, hyperbaric oxygen treatment, and tissue plasminogen activator all offer clinicians a road map for managing these very difficult lesions.1Nigwekar S.U. Kroshinsky D. Nazarian R.M. et al.Calciphylaxis: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment.Am J Kidney Dis. 2015; 66: 133-146Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (255) Google Scholar, 2Nigwekar S.U. Thadhani R. Brandenburg V.M. Calciphylaxis.N Engl J Med. 2018; 378: 1704-1714Crossref PubMed Scopus (199) Google Scholar, 3Nigwekar S.U. Wolf M. Sterns R.H. Hix J.K. Calciphylaxis from nonuremic causes: a systematic review.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008; 3: 1139-1143Crossref PubMed Scopus (300) Google Scholar, 5McCarthy J.T. El-Azhary R.A. Patzelt M.T. et al.Survival, risk factors, and effect of treatment in 101 patients with calciphylaxis.Mayo Clin Proc. 2016; 91: 1384-1394Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (110) Google Scholar The authors propose a biologically plausible mechanism for the soft tissue and vascular calcification based on the fact that matrix GlA protein, an inhibitor of soft tissue calcification, is in fact stimulated by vitamin K.6Schurgers L.J. Uitto J. Reutelingsperger C.P. Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of matrix Gla-protein: a crucial switch to control ectopic mineralization.Trends Mol Med. 2013; 19: 217-226Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (202) Google Scholar, 7Shea M.K. Booth S.L. Gundberg C.M. et al.Adulthood obesity is positively associated with adipose tissue concentrations of vitamin K and inversely associated with circulating indicators of vitamin K status in men and women.J Nutr. 2010; 140: 1029-1034Crossref PubMed Scopus (61) Google Scholar Therefore, abnormalities in vitamin K metabolism, highlighted by the authors to occur not only with the use of warfarin but also in patients with obesity, malignancy, liver disease, and malnutrition, may provide a common pathogenetic pathway in these devastating lesions; this hypothesis merits further examination. A recent review highlights the involvement of another vitamin K–dependent protein, Gla-rich protein or unique cartilage matrix–associated protein, in regulating soft tissue and vascular calcification.8Bordoloi J. Dihingia A. Kalita J. Manna P. Implication of a novel vitamin K dependent protein, GRP/Ucma in the pathophysiological conditions associated with vascular and soft tissue calcification, osteoarthritis, inflammation, and carcinoma.Int J Biol Macromol. 2018; 113: 309-316Crossref PubMed Scopus (10) Google Scholar We are still left with several unanswered questions as practicing clinicians. Should all proximal violaceous painful nodular lesions be biopsied? Should malignancies and connective tissue disorders be exhaustively evaluated in all patients with stereotypic-appearing calciphylaxis lesions? Is it is safe to provide sodium thiosulfate to all patients, and what is the duration of therapy for this agent? As vitamin K antagonists are stopped, are the direct thrombin inhibitors safe? Would weight loss make a difference, particularly for prevention of, or recurrence of, these lesions? Should vitamin K be supplemented when appropriate? Bajaj et al4Bajaj R. Courbebaisse M. Kroshinsky D. Thadhani R.I. Nigwekar S.U. Calciphylaxis in patients with normal renal function: a case series and systematic review.Mayo Clin Proc. 2018; 93: 1202-1212Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (31) Google Scholar are to be congratulated for their thorough gathering and analysis of data regarding a rarely reported and likely underrecognized occurrence of NNC. This work importantly highlights that the standard of therapy—the administration of intravenous sodium thiosulfate and withdrawal of vitamin K antagonists—offers enhanced survival and chances for wound healing and the pressing need for a central registry of definitive cases of calciphylaxis in patients with renal failure and those with preserved renal function. Such a multisite registry would facilitate a standardized approach in therapeutic trials for this condition. Calciphylaxis in Patients With Normal Renal Function: A Case Series and Systematic ReviewMayo Clinic ProceedingsVol. 93Issue 9PreviewTo define concomitant risk factors, treatment, and outcomes for patients with nonnephrogenic calciphylaxis (NNC). Full-Text PDF" @default.
• W2889749022 created "2018-09-27" @default.
• W2889749022 creator A5060197397 @default.
• W2889749022 date "2018-09-01" @default.
• W2889749022 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2889749022 title "Calciphylaxis in Patients With Preserved Renal Function: Worrisome Wounds" @default.
• W2889749022 cites W1800067814 @default.
• W2889749022 cites W2085051977 @default.
• W2889749022 cites W2144976593 @default.
• W2889749022 cites W2157894767 @default.
• W2889749022 cites W2528502044 @default.
• W2889749022 cites W2791410362 @default.
• W2889749022 cites W2884166748 @default.
• W2889749022 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.07.009" @default.
• W2889749022 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30193670" @default.
• W2889749022 hasPublicationYear "2018" @default.
• W2889749022 type Work @default.
• W2889749022 sameAs 2889749022 @default.
• W2889749022 citedByCount "0" @default.
• W2889749022 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W2889749022 hasAuthorship W2889749022A5060197397 @default.
• W2889749022 hasBestOaLocation W28897490221 @default.
• W2889749022 hasConcept C126322002 @default.
• W2889749022 hasConcept C159641895 @default.
• W2889749022 hasConcept C177713679 @default.
• W2889749022 hasConcept C2776954043 @default.
• W2889749022 hasConcept C2779134260 @default.
• W2889749022 hasConcept C71924100 @default.
• W2889749022 hasConceptScore W2889749022C126322002 @default.
• W2889749022 hasConceptScore W2889749022C159641895 @default.
• W2889749022 hasConceptScore W2889749022C177713679 @default.
• W2889749022 hasConceptScore W2889749022C2776954043 @default.
• W2889749022 hasConceptScore W2889749022C2779134260 @default.
• W2889749022 hasConceptScore W2889749022C71924100 @default.
• W2889749022 hasIssue "9" @default.
• W2889749022 hasLocation W28897490221 @default.
• W2889749022 hasLocation W28897490222 @default.
• W2889749022 hasOpenAccess W2889749022 @default.
• W2889749022 hasPrimaryLocation W28897490221 @default.
• W2889749022 hasRelatedWork W1800067814 @default.
• W2889749022 hasRelatedWork W2041321546 @default.
• W2889749022 hasRelatedWork W2149613156 @default.
• W2889749022 hasRelatedWork W2896638610 @default.
• W2889749022 hasRelatedWork W2950169850 @default.
• W2889749022 hasRelatedWork W2966583093 @default.
• W2889749022 hasRelatedWork W2990042144 @default.
• W2889749022 hasRelatedWork W2996538853 @default.
• W2889749022 hasRelatedWork W3092991345 @default.
• W2889749022 hasRelatedWork W4252371801 @default.
• W2889749022 hasVolume "93" @default.
• W2889749022 isParatext "false" @default.
• W2889749022 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W2889749022 magId "2889749022" @default.
• W2889749022 workType "article" @default.