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- W2889983463 abstract "The Iranian and Kurdish Women’s Rights Organisation (IKWRO) works toprevent ‘honour’ crimes and other forms of violence against women in theUK and to campaign for women’s rights in the Middle East. IKWROadvocates for women and girls (and occasionally men) who speak Kurdish,Turkish, Farsi, Dari and Arabic. In 2008-9, IKWRO intervened in 85 casesof potential ‘honour’-based violence or forced marriage. The majority ofclients in these cases are young Kurdish women. The murder of BanazMahmod, a 20-year-old divorcee of Iraqi Kurdish origin, who was killed byorder of her uncle (Ari Mahmod) and father (Mahmod Mahmod) becauseshe had a romantic relationshipwith an IranianKurd calledRehmat Suleimani,thus relates very closely to our work and the experiences of our client base.In the spring of 2007, the Mahmod brothers stood in the dock attempting toportray themselves as progressive men with a respect for women’s rights,making a bold statement that ‘honour’ killings had not happened in IraqiKurdistan for ‘fifty years’. Meanwhile, the practice of ‘honour’ killingreached its nadir in the public stoning to death of 17-year-old Du’a KhalilAswad in Bashiqa, Iraqi Kurdistan, in front of an audience of hundreds ofmen and boys cheering her killers. While this murder was particularlyprominent, as the spectators filmed and distributed the grisly footage viatheir mobile phones, it was just one of many ‘honour’ killings in a countrywith a severe and increasing problem of femicide and female suicide. Overthe first three months of 2007, UNAMI (the United Nations AssistanceMission for Iraq) was aware of 40 ‘honour’ killings in Iraqi Kurdistan,necessarily a tiny proportion of the real figure; Kurdish hospitals every dayreceive women and young girls who have been killed or committed suicidevia the painful method of immolation with petrol or kerosene.The Mahmod family originated in Kaladiza in Pshdar, a mountainousregion which borders Iran. Austrian charity WADI e.V. (Verband furKrisenhilfe und solidarische Entwicklungszusammenarbeit)1 report that forcedmarriage, ‘honour’ killing, female genital mutilation, illiteracy, childmarriage, compensation and exchange marriages are endemic in this area,2classing Pshdar as the worst region of Iraqi Kurdistan in which to be awoman. As in many predominantly agrarian economies, women’s value islocated in their fertility. Children are valued for the economic value of theirlabour, and as a form of social security for old age. With a very high prevalence of exchange marriages (jin be jin), the trade in women’s bodies formsa parallel ‘ bride economy’. In 2006 women’s rights groups in Pshdar held asurvey where people could come forward and register their marriages ashaving been conducted by exchange. Over five percent of the population ofPshdar came forward within just a few weeks, despite the attendant stigmaand familial pressure (Mohammed 2007). According to WADI e.V., somemen in the area also exchange their infant daughters in order to gain morewives for themselves. Exchanging women for money is also common throughbride price. Jasvinder Sanghera identifies a strong correlation betweensocieties that practice forced and non-consensual marriage and those whichpractice ‘honour’ killings (Sanghera 2006). According to the UK police,more than half of the cases of ‘honour’-based violence in the UK relate toforced marriage, which echoes IKWRO’s experiences. The Levi-Straussianrelationship of exchange which constitutes traditional marriage is more thanan extension of kinship under such circumstances; it becomes a transaction.In these circumstances, ‘honour’ is the convention that underwritespatriarchal marital transactions. Bourdieu explains how ‘honour’ in thissense represents a form of self-interest:" @default.
- W2889983463 created "2018-09-27" @default.
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- W2889983463 date "2010-07-28" @default.
- W2889983463 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W2889983463 title "Collective crimes, collective victims: A case study of the murder of Banaz Mahmod" @default.
- W2889983463 doi "https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203846988-9" @default.
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