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• W2890141307 abstract "Genetic polymorphisms can contribute to phenotypic differences amongst individuals, including disease risk and drug response. Characterization of genetic polymorphisms that modulate gene expression and/or protein function may facilitate the identification of the causal variants. Here, we present the architecture of genetic polymorphisms in the human genome focusing on those predicted to be potentially functional/under natural selection and the pathways that they reside. In the human genome, polymorphisms that directly affect protein sequences and potentially affect function are the most constrained variants with the lowest single-nucleotide variant (SNV) density, least population differentiation and most significant enrichment of rare alleles. SNVs which potentially alter various regulatory sites, e.g. splicing regulatory elements, are also generally under negative selection. Interestingly, genes that regulate the expression of transcription/splicing factors and histones are conserved as a higher proportion of these genes is non-polymorphic, contain ultra-conserved elements (UCEs) and/or has no non-synonymous SNVs (nsSNVs)/coding INDELs. On the other hand, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are the most polymorphic with SNVs potentially affecting the binding of transcription/splicing factors and microRNAs (miRNA) exhibiting recent positive selection (RPS). The drug transporter genes carry the most number of potentially deleterious nsSNVs and exhibit signatures of RPS and/or population differentiation. These observations suggest that genes that interact with the environment are highly polymorphic and targeted by RPS. In conclusion, selective constraints are observed in coding regions, master regulator genes, and potentially functional SNVs. In contrast, genes that modulate response to the environment are highly polymorphic and under positive selection." @default.
• W2890141307 created "2018-09-27" @default.
• W2890141307 creator A5010460040 @default.
• W2890141307 creator A5022916732 @default.
• W2890141307 creator A5081785928 @default.
• W2890141307 creator A5086991187 @default.
• W2890141307 creator A5089791856 @default.
• W2890141307 date "2018-09-15" @default.
• W2890141307 modified "2023-10-11" @default.
• W2890141307 title "Architecture of polymorphisms in the human genome reveals functionally important and positively selected variants in immune response and drug transporter genes" @default.
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• W2890141307 doi "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40246-018-0175-1" @default.
• W2890141307 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6139121" @default.
• W2890141307 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30219098" @default.
• W2890141307 hasPublicationYear "2018" @default.
• W2890141307 type Work @default.
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