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- W2890173723 abstract "Abstract Arsenic is a human carcinogen and is linked to diverse pathologies in many organ systems. Arsenic exposure primarily occurs by ingestion of inorganic arsenic (iAs). Post-ingestion metabolism of iAs involves sequential cellular transformations by the microbiome and then by the host. Methylation is particularly critical for detoxification in both bacterial and mammalian cells, and is performed by a conserved mechanism in both phyla that involves alternating oxidations and reductions of the arsenic. Methylation-independent redox state modifications, glutathionylation, and thiolation reactions can also occur both in the gut-lumen and in host cells and, in combination, these can result in host cells being exposed to diverse inorganic and organic arsenicals with vastly different toxicological impacts. The toxicity of arsenate (AsV) stems from it being a phosphate analog whereas inorganic arsenite (iAsIII) and trivalent-methylated arsenic toxicities stem from their being electrophiles that bind to reactive cysteines or selenocysteines, in particular in the active sites of critical redox-active enzymes. In general, toxicities of inorganic or organic pentavalent forms are lower than those of the corresponding trivalent compounds. Metabolism of arsenic in either prokaryotes or eukaryotes has been studied in depth; however, few studies have assessed the interplay between the two. In particular, little is known about how metabolism by the microbiome impacts host exposure, metabolism, and outcomes. Understanding microbiome-host arsenic-interactions will foster development of novel targeted strategies to relieve or prevent arsenic-associated pathologies." @default.
- W2890173723 created "2018-09-27" @default.
- W2890173723 creator A5039480482 @default.
- W2890173723 creator A5050265134 @default.
- W2890173723 creator A5058599113 @default.
- W2890173723 creator A5066932251 @default.
- W2890173723 date "2019-02-01" @default.
- W2890173723 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W2890173723 title "Redox metabolism of ingested arsenic: Integrated activities of microbiome and host on toxicological outcomes" @default.
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- W2890173723 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cotox.2018.09.003" @default.
- W2890173723 hasPublicationYear "2019" @default.
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