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• W2890773880 abstract "During the 1.8 Myr of a HG lifestyle, physical activity was intense and metabolic fuels were high in animal protein and low in CHO, and the genome of these HGs was adapted for low insulin sensitivity. The emergence of the agrarian epoch 12 000 years ago saw a transition to a sedentary lifestyle by farmers, and the consumption of a high-CHO and low-protein diet, which required the genome to adapt to low activity levels and high insulin sensitivity. Owing to severe seasonal food shortages, the ‘thrifty’ HG genome was preserved until the ‘escape from hunger’ in the past 200 years. Obesity in individuals with a HG genome starts after the age of 3 years and is likely to develop into metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this instance, the obesity is best treated with a HG routine: increase physical activity and a low-CHO, high-protein diet. Obesity in individuals with an adapted farmer genome has its onset within the first 6 months of life, and is unlikely to develop into metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this instance, obesity is best treated with a low-calorie diet. An evolutionary approach to obesity involves a genomic/anthropological dimension. For 1.8 Myr the lifestyle of hunter-gatherers (HGs) comprised intense physical activity and a high-protein/low-carbohydrate diet. Genomes of HGs were adapted to low insulin sensitivity. When the agrarian epoch began a new ‘farmer diet’ high in carbohydrates (CHO) emerged. Owing to periodic famines, the genome may not have adapted; they preserved a HG genome. Ever since the industrial revolution our genome is adapting rapidly to a CHO-rich diet. Individuals with preserved HG genome develop obesity at age 4–8 years and need a low-CHO diet. By contrast, those with a farmer genome become obese in infancy; they need a low-calorie diet. This knowledge prompts exploration of the two genomes and their clinical presentations. An evolutionary approach to obesity involves a genomic/anthropological dimension. For 1.8 Myr the lifestyle of hunter-gatherers (HGs) comprised intense physical activity and a high-protein/low-carbohydrate diet. Genomes of HGs were adapted to low insulin sensitivity. When the agrarian epoch began a new ‘farmer diet’ high in carbohydrates (CHO) emerged. Owing to periodic famines, the genome may not have adapted; they preserved a HG genome. Ever since the industrial revolution our genome is adapting rapidly to a CHO-rich diet. Individuals with preserved HG genome develop obesity at age 4–8 years and need a low-CHO diet. By contrast, those with a farmer genome become obese in infancy; they need a low-calorie diet. This knowledge prompts exploration of the two genomes and their clinical presentations." @default.
• W2890773880 created "2018-09-27" @default.
• W2890773880 creator A5021800504 @default.
• W2890773880 date "2018-12-01" @default.
• W2890773880 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2890773880 title "An Evolutionary Perspective on the Obesity Epidemic" @default.
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• W2890773880 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2018.09.002" @default.
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