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• W2890791114 endingPage "881" @default.
• W2890791114 startingPage "869" @default.
• W2890791114 abstract "mtDNA is packaged into a nucleoprotein complex called the nucleoid. Most nucleoids consist of a single mtDNA molecule, compacted with the packaging factor TFAM. mtDNA is replicated from two major origins using a set of nucleus-encoded factors distinct from those involved in nuclear DNA replication. At replication termination the genomes remain interlinked, and require the action of a mitochondrial isoform of TOP3α for their resolution. mtDNA is associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) in the vicinity of contact sites with the endoplasmic reticulum. The separation and distribution of nucleoids are affected by factors involved in mitochondrial dynamics, IMM structure, and membrane composition. Mitochondrial fission is implicated in mtDNA segregation by dividing the replicated genomes into separate mitochondria. Cells contain thousands of copies of the mitochondrial genome. These genomes are distributed within the tubular mitochondrial network, which is itself spread across the cytosol of the cell. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication occurs throughout the cell cycle and ensures that cells maintain a sufficient number of mtDNA copies. At replication termination the genomes must be resolved and segregated within the mitochondrial network. Defects in mtDNA replication and segregation are a cause of human mitochondrial disease associated with failure of cellular energy production. This review focuses upon recent developments on how mitochondrial genomes are physically separated at the end of DNA replication, and how these genomes are subsequently segregated and distributed around the mitochondrial network. Cells contain thousands of copies of the mitochondrial genome. These genomes are distributed within the tubular mitochondrial network, which is itself spread across the cytosol of the cell. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication occurs throughout the cell cycle and ensures that cells maintain a sufficient number of mtDNA copies. At replication termination the genomes must be resolved and segregated within the mitochondrial network. Defects in mtDNA replication and segregation are a cause of human mitochondrial disease associated with failure of cellular energy production. This review focuses upon recent developments on how mitochondrial genomes are physically separated at the end of DNA replication, and how these genomes are subsequently segregated and distributed around the mitochondrial network. nuclear protein complex composed of BLM, TOP3α, RMI1, and RMI2. Plays a role in resolving DNA crossovers that prevents unwanted sister chromatid exchanges. one of three CSBs located between the light-strand promoter (LSP) and the origin of H-strand replication (OriH). Believed to be involved in the regulation of mitochondrial (mt)DNA replication and transcription. invaginations of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) that are the primary site of the oxidative phosphorylation complexes. the sole replicative DNA polymerase in mitochondria. The catalytic POLγA subunit is related to bacteriophage T7 DNA polymerase, whereas the accessory POLγB subunit is structurally related to aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. innermost of the two mitochondrial membranes, and primary site of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes. the two strands of mtDNA are historically denoted heavy (H) and light (L) based upon their relative buoyancies on caesium chloride gradients, with the H-strand being guanine-rich. During mtDNA replication the H-strand is the leading strand. linkage of two double-stranded (ds)DNA molecules through using only one DNA strand on each molecule. the coexistence of two variants of mtDNA within a cell. Variants may be neutral, or may be pathogenic in the case of point mutations or deletions that affect mtDNA-encoded proteins or mitochondrial gene expression. the L strand of mtDNA is more buoyant on caesium chloride gradients as a result of being guanine-poor. The L strand of mtDNA is the lagging strand during mtDNA replication. The standard reference sequence for mtDNA (the revised Cambridge reference sequence, rCRS) is also the L-strand sequence. the central lumen of mitochondria, bounded by the IMM. many mitochondrial proteins are targeted to the mitochondria using N-terminal amphipathic α-helical sequences that are recognised by the protein import machinery of the OMM. tetrameric single-stranded (ss)DNA-binding protein in mitochondria, structurally related to E. coli SSB. incremental and irreversible accumulation of deleterious mutations in the genomes of asexually-reproducing organisms. nucleoprotein complex consisting of mtDNA, the packaging factor TFAM, and other associated proteins. outermost of the two mitochondrial membranes, and permeable to small molecules. single-subunit mitochondrial RNA polymerase, related to bacteriophage RNA polymerases. As well as being required for transcription of mtDNA, POLRMT also forms the primers for mtDNA replication. a proposed selective removal of deleterious mtDNA variants occurring early in embryonic development. dual-function mitochondrial HMG-box protein, which acts as the primary mtDNA packaging factor and as a transcription factor in mitochondria. mitochondrial replicative helicase, related to the gp4 helicase/primase of bacteriophage T7. Unwinds dsDNA in the 5′ to 3′ direction." @default.
• W2890791114 created "2018-09-27" @default.
• W2890791114 creator A5014022141 @default.
• W2890791114 creator A5063296618 @default.
• W2890791114 date "2018-11-01" @default.
• W2890791114 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2890791114 title "Separating and Segregating the Human Mitochondrial Genome" @default.
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