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• W2890813503 abstract "Metabolically active microbialcommunities are present in a wide range of subsurface environments.Techniques like enumeration of microbial cells, activitymeasurements with radiotracer assays and the analysis of porewaterconstituents are currently being used to explore the subsurfacebiosphere, alongside with molecular biological analyses. However,many of these techniques reach their detection limits due to lowmicrobial activity and abundance. Direct measurements of microbialturnover not just face issues of insufficient sensitivity, theyonly provide information about a single specific process but insediments many different process can occur simultaneously.Therefore, the development of a new technique to measure totalmicrobial activity would be a major improvement. A newtritium-based hydrogenase-enzyme assay appeared to be a promisingtool to quantify total living biomass, even in low activitysubsurface environments. In this PhD project total microbialbiomass and microbial activity was quantified in differentsubsurface sediments using established techniques (cell enumerationand pore water geochemistry) as well as a new tritium-basedhydrogenase enzyme assay. By using a large database of our own cellenumeration data from equatorial Pacific and north Pacificsediments and published data it was shown that the globalgeographic distribution of subseafloor sedimentary microbes variesbetween sites by 5 to 6 orders of magnitude and correlates with thesedimentation rate and distance from land. Based on thesecorrelations, global subseafloor biomass was estimated to be 4.1petagram-C and ~0.6 % of Earth's total living biomass, which issignificantly lower than previous estimates. Despite the massivereduction in biomass the subseafloor biosphere is still animportant player in global biogeochemical cycles. To understand therelationship between microbial activity, abundance and organicmatter flux into the sediment an expedition to the equatorialPacific upwelling area and the north Pacific Gyre was carried out.Oxygen respiration rates in subseafloor sediments from the northPacific Gyre, which are deposited at sedimentation rates of 1 mmper 1000 years, showed that microbial communities could survive formillions of years without fresh supply of organic carbon. Contraryto the north Pacific Gyre oxygen was completely depleted within theupper few millimeters to centimeters in sediments of the equatorialupwelling region due to a higher supply of organic matter andhigher metabolic activity. So occurrence and variability ofelectron acceptors over depth and sites make the subsurface acomplex environment for the quantification of total microbialactivity. Recent studies showed that electron acceptor processes,which were previously thought to thermodynamically exclude eachother can occur simultaneously. So in many cases a simple measureof the total microbial activity would be a better and more robustsolution than assays for several specific processes, for examplesulfate reduction rates or methanogenesis.…" @default.
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• W2890813503 date "2013-01-01" @default.
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• W2890813503 title "Quantification oftotal microbial biomass and metabolic activity in subsurfacesediments" @default.
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