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- W2890958906 abstract "MAE systems have diverse biological roles, but show similarities in the underlying epigenetic mechanisms. Transcriptional events and non-coding RNAs are associated with the initiation of MAE. Differential modification and architectures of chromatin are also important in MAE. The different MAE systems found in mammals may have evolved from analogous ancestral processes. Different types of monoallelic gene expression are present in mammals, some of which are highly flexible, whereas others are more rigid. These include allelic exclusion at antigen receptor loci, the expression of olfactory receptor genes, genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, and random monoallelic expression (MAE). Although these processes play diverse biological roles, and arose through different selective pressures, the underlying epigenetic mechanisms show striking resemblances. Regulatory transcriptional events are important in all systems, particularly in the specification of MAE. Combined with comparative studies between species, this suggests that the different MAE systems found in mammals may have evolved from analogous ancestral processes. Different types of monoallelic gene expression are present in mammals, some of which are highly flexible, whereas others are more rigid. These include allelic exclusion at antigen receptor loci, the expression of olfactory receptor genes, genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, and random monoallelic expression (MAE). Although these processes play diverse biological roles, and arose through different selective pressures, the underlying epigenetic mechanisms show striking resemblances. Regulatory transcriptional events are important in all systems, particularly in the specification of MAE. Combined with comparative studies between species, this suggests that the different MAE systems found in mammals may have evolved from analogous ancestral processes. ensures MAE at olfactory and antigen receptor loci and the functional identity of sensory neurons or lymphocytes. molecules that can bind antigens and are expressed on the surface of B lymphocytes (immunoglobulin or B cell receptor, BCR) or T lymphocytes (T cell receptor, TCR). molecules that can bind antigens and are expressed on the surface of B lymphocytes (also called surface immunoglobulins). region up to several kilobases in length that are rich in CpG dinucleotides. Most CpG islands are unmethylated and comprise promoters. a region at which DNA methylation marks one of the parental alleles only. a methyltransferase of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) that is part of the PRC2 complex. a CpG island (-like) sequence with a germline-derived epigenetic mark that controls the parental allele-specific expression of nearby genes. expression uniquely, or predominantly, from one of the two gene copies (alleles). MAE can be random or deterministic. G protein-coupled chemosensory receptors expressed on the surface of olfactory neurons. complexes composed of Polycomb group proteins that mediate repressive histone modifications and gene silencing. region(s) that are homologous between the X and Y chromosomes, and undergo recombination between X and Y during meiosis. a term often used to indicate transient random MAE at individual genes in stem and differentiated cells. encompass approximately the ‘joining’ (J) region of antigen receptor loci. They feature high levels of transcription, active chromatin, and RAG binding. the probability to activate/repress an allele is comparable between the two or more alleles present. This makes allelic choice random. molecules that can bind antigenic peptides and are expressed on the surface of T lymphocytes. the locus which controls X-inactivation in mammals and expresses the lncRNA Xist (X-inactive specific transcript)." @default.
- W2890958906 created "2018-09-27" @default.
- W2890958906 creator A5047288855 @default.
- W2890958906 creator A5072750683 @default.
- W2890958906 date "2018-12-01" @default.
- W2890958906 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
- W2890958906 title "Parallels between Mammalian Mechanisms of Monoallelic Gene Expression" @default.
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