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- W2890973392 abstract "This thesis aimed to investigateseveral fundamental and perplexing questions relating to the phloemloading and transport mechanisms of Cucurbita maxima, by combiningmetabolomic analysis with cell biological techniques. This putativesymplastic loading species has long been used for experiments onphloem anatomy, phloem biochemistry, phloem transport physiologyand phloem signalling. Symplastic loading species have beenproposed to use a polymer trapping mechanism to accumulate RFO(raffinose family oligosaccharides) sugars to build up high osmoticpressure in minor veins which sustains a concentration gradientthat drives mass flow. However, extensive evidence indicating a lowsugar concentration in their phloem exudates is a long-knownproblem that conflicts with this hypothesis. Previous metabolomicanalysis shows the concentration of many small molecules in phloemexudates is higher than that of leaf tissues, which indicates anactive apoplastic loading step. Therefore, in the view of thephloem metabolome, a symplastic loading mechanism cannot explainhow small molecules other than RFO sugars are loaded into phloem.Most studies of phloem physiology using cucurbits have neglectedthe possible functions of vascular architecture in phloemtransport. It is well known that there are two phloem systems incucurbits with distinctly different anatomical features: centralphloem and extrafascicular phloem. However, mistaken conclusions onsources of cucurbit phloem exudation from previous reports havehindered consideration of the idea that there may be importantdifferences between these two phloem systems. The major results aresummarized as below: 1) O-linked glycans in C.maxima werestructurally identified as beta-1,3 linked glucose polymers, andthe composition of glycans in cucurbits was found to bespecies-specific. Inter-species grafting experiments proved thatthese glycans are phloem mobile and transported uni-directionallyfrom scion to stock. 2) As indicated by stable isotopic labellingexperiments, a considerable amount of carbon is incorporated intosmall metabolites in phloem exudates. However, the incorporation ofcarbon into RFO sugars is much faster than for other metabolites.3) Both CO2 labelling experiments and comparative metabolomicanalysis of phloem exudates and leaf tissues indicated thatmetabolic processes other than RFO sugar metabolism play animportant role in cucurbit phloem physiology. 4) The underlyingassumption that the central phloem of cucurbits continuouslyreleases exudates after physical incision was proved wrong byrigorous experiments including direct observation by normalmicroscopy and combined multiple-microscopic methods. Errors inprevious experimental confirmation of phloem exudation in cucurbitsare critically discussed. 5) Extrafascicular phloem was proved tobe functional, as indicated by phloem-mobile carboxyfluoresceintracer studies. Commissural sieve tubes interconnect phloem bundlesinto a complete super-symplastic network. 6) Extrafascicular phloemrepresents…" @default.
- W2890973392 created "2018-09-27" @default.
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- W2890973392 date "2006-01-01" @default.
- W2890973392 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W2890973392 title "Dissection ofphloem transport in cucurbitaceae by metabolomicanalysis" @default.
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