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• W2891210123 abstract "HomePlant DiseaseVol. 103, No. 2First Report of Castor Leaf Spot Caused by Cladosporium tenuissimum in Zhanjiang, China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTES OPENOpen Access licenseFirst Report of Castor Leaf Spot Caused by Cladosporium tenuissimum in Zhanjiang, ChinaY. L. Liu, X. G. Yin, J. N. Lu, Y. Li, and Y. H. ZhouY. L. Liu†Corresponding author: Y. L. Liu; E-mail: E-mail Address: mushwoman@126.comhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-4145-9278Search for more papers by this author, X. G. YinSearch for more papers by this author, J. N. LuSearch for more papers by this author, Y. LiSearch for more papers by this author, and Y. H. ZhouSearch for more papers by this authorAffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Y. L. Liu † X. G. Yin J. N. Lu Y. Li Y. H. Zhou , Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China. Published Online:11 Jan 2019https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-18-1382-PDNAboutSectionsSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat Ricinus communis L., common name castor, is an important oil crop (Liu et al. 2016). Leaf spots on castor with disease incidence of about 20.5% have been observed in about 1,800 plants in the field (0.66 ha) located in Zhanjiang (21.17 N, 110.18 E), China, since 2016. Early symptoms appeared on affected leaves as light brown or gray necrotic spots. Successively, a mold appeared on both sides of the spots. The spots were irregular in shape and increased in size and coalesced. Seven samples of symptomatic leaves were collected in the field, and they were washed and surface disinfested before isolation. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) was used to isolate the pathogen. Successively, pure cultures were obtained by transferring hyphal tips on PDA. Thirteen isolates were obtained from affected leaves. Two monospore isolates (RiK-1 and RiK-2) were obtained from the isolates, with each isolate being identical based on preliminary molecular analyses by BLASTn. Therefore, the representative isolate (RiK-1) with typical morphology and molecular characteristics was selected for further study. The isolate RiK-1 was grown on PDA and formed colonies of approximately 3 cm (diameter) in 7 days, at 25 ± 1°C. Colonies were olive green and appeared velvety. Conidiophores were up to 500 or 700 µm long, thick walled, septate, and unbranched or rarely branched. Ramoconidia were cylindrical to clavate, slightly inflated at the apex, and bearing two to three flat, thickened scars. Conidia were single celled, lemon shaped, and smooth walled, 2 to 5 µm (diameter), up to 9 µm long. They formed fragile chains of up to six conidia. Morphological characteristics of colonies of isolate RiK-1 were consistent with the description provided for Cladosporium tenuissimum (Bensch et al. 2010). Molecular identification was performed by sequencing of the nuclear ITS-rDNA region using primers ITS1 and ITS4. The sequence of isolate RiK-1 was deposited in GenBank (accession no. MH383051). A BLASTn search of the sequence showed 99 to 100% identity with C. tenuissimum (MF473305.1) and C. oxysporum (KX258798.1). Isolate RiK-1 was closer to C. tenuissimum, which is characterized by nodulose conidiophores with a head-like swollen apex, different from C. oxysporum, which is characterized by nodulose to nodose conidiophores with conidiogenous loci restricted to swellings. Therefore, isolate RiK-1 was identified as C. tenuissimum. A pathogenicity test was performed in vivo, in the greenhouse with a relative humidity of 80%, at temperatures ranging from 24 to 30°C. Two methods (wound inoculation and no wound inoculation) were used on leaflets. Sterile cotton ball was dipped in a spore suspension (1 × 106 conidia/ml) or in sterilized water (as controls) for about 1 min. One leaflet was covered by a cotton ball and was kept for 48 h (four leaflets for each plant, three plants for each method). The first symptoms were observed after 1 month on treatments, whereas controls remained healthy. Pathogen reisolated from diseased leaflets was identical to the inoculated isolates by morphology and 18S rDNA analysis. It has been reported that C. tenuissimum caused leaf spot of banana (Pandey and Gupta 1983) and leaf blight in watermelon (Narain et al. 1985). The disease was not previously reported in castor. Thus, this is the first report of C. tenuissimum causing leaf spot in castor. This study will provide an important reference for the control of the disease. The epidemiology of C. tenuissimum on R. communis should be investigated further.References:Bensch, K., et al. 2010. Stud. Mycol. 67:1. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2010.67.01 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarLiu, S., et al. 2016. Ind. Crops Prod. 89:103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.04.063 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarNarain, A., et al. 1985. Indian Phytopathol. 38:149. Google ScholarPandey, K. N., and Gupta, R. C. 1983. Madras Agric. J. 70:559. Google ScholarFunding: This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271759) and Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province (2014A020208119).DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 103, No. 2 February 2019SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 Metrics Article History Issue Date: 24 Jan 2019Published: 11 Jan 2019First Look: 20 Sep 2018Accepted: 14 Aug 2018 Page: 375 Information© 2019 The American Phytopathological SocietyFundingNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaGrant/Award Number: 31271759Science and Technology Project of Guangdong ProvinceGrant/Award Number: 2014A020208119Cited byFirst report of sooty spot caused by Cladosporium tenuissimum on mature calyces of Cape gooseberry grown in greenhouse31 May 2022 | Journal of General Plant Pathology, Vol. 88, No. 4Cladosporium tenuissimumCABI Compendium, Vol. CABI CompendiumBiotic Stresses in Castor Plant19 March 2022First report of black leaf mold by Cladosporium tenuissimum on Paulownia fortunei23 August 2021 | Journal of Plant Pathology, Vol. 103, No. 4First Report of Leaf Spot Caused by Cladosporium tenuissimum on Panicle Hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata) in ChinaChenxu Li, Peng Cao, Chuanjiao Du, Xi Xu, Wensheng Xiang, Xiangjing Wang, and Junwei Zhao12 September 2021 | Plant Disease, Vol. 105, No. 8One stop shop IV: taxonomic update with molecular phylogeny for important phytopathogenic genera: 76–100 (2020)24 September 2020 | Fungal Diversity, Vol. 103, No. 1" @default.
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• W2891210123 title "First Report of Castor Leaf Spot Caused by <i>Cladosporium tenuissimum</i> in Zhanjiang, China" @default.
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