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• W2891440636 abstract "Reviewed by: Calypso Jews: Jewishness in the Caribbean Literary Imagination by Sarah Phillips Casteel J. Dillon Brown Sarah Phillips Casteel. Calypso Jews: Jewishness in the Caribbean Literary Imagination. New York: Columbia UP, 2016. 336 pp. $60.00. Sarah Phillips Casteel's Calypso Jews: Jewishness in the Caribbean Literary Imagination offers its readers an assiduous, insightful look into what initially seems an unlikely topic: the representation of Jewishness in Caribbean literature. The aim of her study is more familiar: as Casteel relates, the book works to articulate a distinctive discourse on Black-Jewish relations that unsettles dominant narratives of slavery, empire, and race (2). The dominant narrative she has in mind here is the one emerging out of U. S.-based discussions of black-Jewish relations, which, she suggests, has tended to be inflected by the persistent political tensions between African Americans and Jewish Americans (5). The result is a pleasingly nuanced excavation of a single, if rich instance of minor transnationalism, one that serves to illustrate the pitfalls of studying interethnic phenomena within a purely national (in this case, U. S. American) frame. The book is divided into two parts, each taking its bearings from a pivotal moment in Jewish history: the expulsion of Jews from Spain and Portugal in 1492 and the Holocaust. As Casteel shows, each of these moments resonates multiply in the New World. In the case of the former, of course, 1492 marks the errant arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Western Hemisphere, which, along with the expulsion, catalyzes the migration of Sephardic Jews across the Atlantic in surprising numbers (and is thus roughly coincident with the beginnings of the transatlantic slave trade). The Holocaust, in addition to inspiring shock waves of revulsion around the world, similarly catalyzed the transatlantic travels of Ashkenazi Jews at a time of rising tensions around the issues of nation, race, and imperial control. While these points of reference suggest the disciplinary territory in which Casteel feels most at home—a good many of the debates she addresses arise out of Jewish Studies, and its critics are the ones she most readily engages—these historical touchstones are both fruitful and evocative in her discussions of Caribbean literature. For instance, in the book's first half, Casteel deftly traces the lineaments of the Sephardic Jewish presence in the Caribbean registered by the region's writers, including Derek Walcott, Myriam Chancy, David Dabydeen, and Cynthia McLeod (this last from Surinam, where the Jewish presence was especially prominent in colonial times). On one hand, Casteel argues, the attraction of Sephardism for the authors she treats lies not only in the links between the roughly contemporaneous traumas of African slavery and the Sephardic expulsion but also between the Spanish Inquisition and modern-day repressive Caribbean regimes. On the other hand, as she observes, the case of New World Sephardim is a decidedly ambivalent one, for at the same time as they were targets of Europe's colonial enterprise . . . as one of the most prominent Atlantic trading diasporas they also helped enable that enterprise (39). Ultimately, Casteel finds in the figure of the Sephardic Jew—at least in its most recuperable iterations, such as in Walcott—a space in which Caribbean writers have worked through questions of identity, complicity, and comparison, highlighting the black and Jewish experiences as analogous without flattening out the differences necessary for social and political critique. [End Page 237] The second part of the book operates similarly, quarrying an unexpected wealth of Caribbean writing that takes up issues of the Holocaust and its reverberations in the region. Here Casteel examines select works by John Hearne, Jamaica Kincaid, M. NourbeSe Philip, Michelle Maillet, Michelle Cliff, and Caryl Phillips. She is careful here to remark the distance her study keeps from the longstanding association of Francophone Caribbean intellectuals such as Frantz Fanon and Aimé Césaire with a critique of Nazism as imperialism come home to roost in Europe. Instead, Casteel finds a scene of cultural memory—putatively less fraught than in the U. S. or Europe—in which Caribbean writers reveal a predominantly identificatory rather than competitive orientation toward the Holocaust (204). Consequently, she finds, contemporary Caribbean portrayals of Jewish characters—almost always..." @default.
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• W2891440636 date "2018-01-01" @default.
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• W2891440636 title "Calypso Jews: Jewishness in the Caribbean Literary Imagination by Sarah Phillips Casteel" @default.
• W2891440636 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/afa.2018.0036" @default.
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