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- W2891570821 abstract "The Elizabethan Richard Rogers repeatedly expresses in his diary a deep anxiety about the dangers of wandering thoughts. His constant struggle for spiritual well-being is framed in terms of the 'sober course' of meditation and prayer, and the 'wandring, uncertaine, and frutless course' of unregimented time. Cheerfulness is maintained only by holy exercises, which suppress 'idle wandringes after the world, frowardnes, or such other boisterous corruptions'. 1 The seventeenth century witnessed the development of a hugely popular and accessible mode of thinking and writing designed to counter such dangers: the occasional meditation. Seminal studies of meditation - such as those of Martz and Lewalski - have tended to focus on what is termed 'set or solemn', or 'deliberate' meditation in this period.2 This focus is likely derived from the precedence accorded to this form of meditation in contemporary manuals. The art of solemn meditation, requiring dedicated time and specific structural methods, is prioritised. Apparently less demanding, and infinitely more accessible as a devotional practice, was the occasional meditation. Formulated to combat the 'Losse of Time in its smallest parcels', occasional meditation embraces the random occurrence - the sight of a spider spinning a web, for example - as an opportunity or spur to contemplation of the spiritual self and the divine.3 One of the earliest and certainly most influ-ential statements of the distinction between set, deliberate meditation, and that of the occasion, occurs in Joseph Hall's The Arte of Divine Meditation (1606): 'our Diuine Meditation is nothing else but a bending of the minde vpon some spirituall obiect, through diuers formes of discourse, vntill our thoughts come to an issue; and this must needs be either Extemporall, and occasioned by outwarde occurrences offred to the minde, or Deliberate, and wrought of our owne heart'.4 Deliberate meditation is most simply aligned with scripture and the word; meditation with the book of creatures. The breadth of possibility renders it a form accessible to all classes, and especially to women. The emphasis on practice over method is enabling, and suggestive of an attainable means of self-improvement. Mindful of the tick-tock of daily life, Bury gently prompts his readers: 'time is such a precious jewel, that it should not be squandred away, and I know not well how it may be better improved then by Meditation'.5 The conceptualisation of time here is one which eradicates any notion of the secular. The occasional meditation is a Protestant means of redeeming time for spiritual purposes; it aims to capture the transient and to convert it into a parcel of eternity.6 The accumulation of occasional meditations is an accumulation of parcels of time which form a proof of the individual's spiritual service. Stuart Sherman has argued with reference to Hall and Donne that 'the value of devotion upon emergent occasions derives in part from its independence of chronometry, the sense that the extemporal meditation, arising out of the moment, can for that very reason lead the meditator outside time, away from the businesse of tell[ing] Clocks and towards that of entring ... into Eternitie'.7 Donne's famous Devotions Vpon Emergent Occasions certainly participates in this temporal sense. The dynamic between the moment and ongoing time is keenly felt: 'how little of our life is Occasion, opportunity to receyue good in; and how litle of that occasion, doe wee apprehend, and lay hold of? How busie, and perplexed a Cobweb, is the Happinesse of Man here, that must bee made vp with a Watchfulnesse, to lay hold vpon Occasion, which is but a little peece of that, which is Nothing, Tyme?'8 Yet Donne's Devotions, with their overriding narrative of near-fatal illness, tripartite structure, and complex relationship to a range of existing meditative techniques, are at odds with common methods and performance of occasional meditation. …" @default.
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- W2891570821 date "2007-03-01" @default.
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- W2891570821 title "Redeeming Parcels of Time: Aesthetics and Practice of Occasional Meditation" @default.
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- W2891570821 doi "https://doi.org/10.1080/0268117x.2007.10555589" @default.
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