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• W28917014 abstract "Publisher Summary This chapter presents some tips and suggestions on the formulation of anti-infective compounds and determination of various pharmacokinetic parameters for the animal models. When the compound is sufficiently soluble in aqueous solvents, then a simple solution in a simple vehicle is the most acceptable formulation. The formulation can be easily sterilized by filtration and is also be suitable for oral administration. Possible binding of the compound to the filtration equipment should be checked and if necessary, the concentration in the filtrate should be determined to ensure accurate dosing. Deviations from isotonicity or neutrality may lead to irritation at the site of injection and therefore, should be kept to a minimum. Any solution intended for intravenous formulation should be checked for the possibility that on addition to plasma, the compound does not remain in solution. Oral formulations must be designed to ensure accurate and reproducible dosing and to result in optimum absorption of the compound. Whenever a compound is administered orally and results in relatively poor plasma concentrations, which results from poor absorption, another simple formulation should be tried before having recourse to complex, specialist formulations. Pharmacokinetic determinations may be useful as a preliminary screen employed before investigations of efficacy are undertaken. If an oral therapy is proposed then a small pilot experiment can be used to demonstrate oral bioavailability before a time-consuming efficacy experiment is undertaken. If a compound is being examined for which no pharmacokinetic information is available then a smaller pilot study may be useful to determine the times of sampling and the number of samples that should be taken. Food can also have an influence on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered compounds. Therefore, it must be decided whether the animals should have free access to food and water or whether they should be fasted." @default.
• W28917014 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W28917014 date "1999-01-01" @default.
• W28917014 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W28917014 title "Formulation of Compounds and Determination of Pharmacokinetic Parameters" @default.
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• W28917014 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012775390-4/50149-4" @default.
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