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• W2891719486 abstract "The “migration industry” (defined as the range of actors who, primarilymotivated by profit, engage in activities relating to human mobility)and “markets for migration” (defined as the way in which humanmobility is increasingly subject to processes of commodification andcompetitive exchange) are playing a central and growing role in facilitation, control and rescue in the area of migration1 (see also Chapter 6and Chapter 11, this volume). From smugglers and “coyotes,” to business associations, anti-immigrant vigilante groups, airline companies,border security firms, private interest groups, travel agents, humanrights non-governmental organizations (NGOs), philanthropists seeking to improve the rights of migrants and refugees, academics, andemployers, a range of private actors have a stake in the migration industry. Meanwhile, many of the functions of migration, traditionally associated with sovereignty and the state, are outsourced or privatized toprivate actors through competitive bidding processes (see Chapter 5and Chapter 7, this volume).These processes are significant and well documented throughout thisvolume. The existing literature on the migration industry and marketsfor migration-and most of the work in this volume-examines thoseprocesses within the context of migration governance within or at theborder of the nation-state. It mainly explores ways in which the statedelegates functions to private actors or ways in which a particularstate’s sovereignty is bypassed by licit or illicit private actors. However,this chapter argues that these processes do not exist only at the level ofthe state but also at the global level and that processes of what the chapterrefers to as “global migration governance” are increasingly influencedby the migration industry and markets for migration.Migration and human mobility are increasingly subject to forms ofregulation that transcend individual nation-states. Global governanceexists across a range of trans-boundary policy fields, and relates to theprocess by which states engage in forms of collective action to addresscommon challenges. It results in the creation of norms, rules, principlesand decision-making procedures that constrain and constitute the behavior of states. In recent years, a debate has emerged on global migrationgovernance.2 While there is no formal or coherent United Nations (UN)institution for addressing migration, a complex tapestry of multilateral,regional and bilateral forms of institutionalized cooperation has emerged.As this chapter shows, the migration industry and markets for migrationare a growing facet of global migration governance.A range of private actors are increasingly central to agenda setting,negotiation, monitoring, implementation and enforcement within globalmigration governance.3 Private actors may play important roles inglobal migration governance through, for example, lobbying, corporatesocial responsibility (CSR), private rule-making and standard setting, thedevelopment of voluntary codes of conduct, public-private partnerships,philanthropy, and innovation and the role of expert knowledge, for example. Yet despite this, private actors remain relatively neglected in looking at the international politics of migration. This comparative neglectcontrasts notably with the extent to which private actors have beenconsidered in relation to other areas of global governance.4" @default.
• W2891719486 created "2018-09-27" @default.
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• W2891719486 date "2013-01-03" @default.
• W2891719486 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W2891719486 title "The migration industry in global migration governance" @default.
• W2891719486 doi "https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203082737-12" @default.
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