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- W2891743640 abstract "Dopamine is a major catecholamine neurotransmitter that acts both inside and outside the central nervous system. It has been implicated in many psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidation of dopamine by endogenous or exogenous factors creates toxic metabolites that can result in cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), a glutathione precursor and antioxidant, has been studied as an agent to protect cells and animal models against the potential toxic effects of dopamine and its metabolites. This chapter systematically reviews the literature to summarize such studies. Overall NAC has been studied in relation to dopamine in cellular and animal models of disease that affects the central nervous system such as Alzheimer’s disease, ischemic brain injury, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, and substance use disorders as well as cellular and animal models of nonnervous system diseases such as vitiligo, renal disease, and pituitary tumors. Studies have also examined the effect of NAC in protecting the brain from alterations in dopamine metabolism by the toxicants tungstate and polychlorinated biphenyls. The studies reviewed demonstrate that NAC can prevent and/or reverse many of the toxic effects of dopamine mediated by oxidative stress. NAC also reversed changes in dopamine levels induced by behavioral manipulations such as social isolation rearing in animal models of schizophrenia. The protective effects of NAC were mediated by its action as an antioxidant as well as a glutathione precursor." @default.
- W2891743640 created "2018-09-27" @default.
- W2891743640 creator A5075990022 @default.
- W2891743640 date "2018-09-21" @default.
- W2891743640 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W2891743640 title "Neurotransmitter Systems: Dopamine" @default.
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- W2891743640 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5311-5_3" @default.
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