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- W2891769877 abstract "Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are ubiquitously present in the environment due to their abundant production and consumption. Information on CPs as part of indoor particles is very limited although a significant amount of time is spent in indoor environments. Seventy-two indoor and 66 outdoor TSP/PM10/PM2.5 samples (particulate matters with aerodynamic diameter <100, 10, and 2.5 μm) from 24 homes of the Pearl River Delta (PRD), China, were analyzed for CPs. PM2.5 were found to be the dominant particles both indoors and outdoors. CPs were mainly distributed in PM2.5 that accounted for 89.1% and 93.0% of the total particles indoors and outdoors, respectively. The geometric mean (GM) concentrations of medium-chain CPs (MCCPs) exceeded those of short-chain CPs (SCCPs) (22.0 vs. 9.2 ng/m3) in all particle samples. Both SCCPs and MCCPs in the indoor particles (GM: 13.4 and 30.9 ng/m3) were approximately twice as high as in the outdoor environment (GM: 6.1 and 15.2 ng/m3). C11 and C14 carbon chains as well as six and seven chlorine homologues were found to be predominant in all samples with average percentages of 43.0% and 55.4%, respectively. The estimated daily CP intakes via PM2.5 inhalation were 8.1–24.6 and 25.1–76.0 ng/kg·bw/day for all age subgroups based on both mean and 95th percentile concentrations of CPs. However, the estimated daily uptakes decreased to 4.4–16.4 and 13.5–50.6 ng/kg·bw/day, respectively, when the deposition fractions of PM2.5 in the human lung were considered. Indoor PM2.5 attributed to 93.8% exposure of CPs based on both total estimated daily intakes (EDIs) and estimated daily uptakes (EDUs), indicating that the indoor PM2.5 exposure was very important. Infants and toddlers suffered higher exposure risks of CPs compared to other subgroups, indicating higher potential health risks; however, based on the margin of the exposure analysis these risks could be ignored." @default.
- W2891769877 created "2018-09-27" @default.
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- W2891769877 date "2019-02-01" @default.
- W2891769877 modified "2023-10-15" @default.
- W2891769877 title "Chlorinated paraffins in the indoor and outdoor atmospheric particles from the Pearl River Delta: Characteristics, sources, and human exposure risks" @default.
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- W2891769877 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.107" @default.
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