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• W2892025202 abstract "<b>Introduction:</b> The aim of this study is to evaluate the surface of root canals dentine using scanning electron microscope (SEM) after instrumentation with rotary Nickel-Titanium systems and two different protocols of activation of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (extracanal heating at 50°C and intracanal heating at 180°C), to assess the presence/absence of smear layer and also the presence/absence of open dentinal tubules along the walls at the coronal, middle, and apical third of each sample.<br><b>Materials and Methods:</b> Thirty-six single-rooted teeth were selected, divided into three groups and shaped with ProTaper Universal instruments following irrigation protocols with 5.25% NaOCl. At the end of the preparation, three different protocols of activation were used: nonheated NaOCl in Group A, extra-canal heated NaOCl at 50°C for Group B and intracanal heated NaOCl at 180°C for Group C. Specimens were cut longitudinally and analyzed by SEM at standard magnification of ×1000. The presence/absence of the smear layer as well as the presence/absence of open tubules at the coronal, middle, and apical third of each canal were estimated using a five-step scale for scores. Numeric data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U statistical tests and significance was predetermined at <i>P</i> < 0.05.<br><b>Results:</b> Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA) for debris score showed significant differences among the Ni-Ti systems (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Mann–Whitney test confirmed that Group A presented significantly higher score values than other Ni-Ti systems. The same results were assessed considering the smear layer scores. ANOVA confirmed that the apical third of the canal maintained a higher quantity of debris and smear layer after preparation of all the samples.<br><b>Discussion and Conclusions:</b> Intra-canal heating of NaOCl at 180°C proved to be more effective in obtaining clean canal walls. On the other hand, extra-canal heating at 50°C of NaOCl left a higher quantity of debris and the smear layer was widely represented." @default.
• W2892025202 created "2018-09-27" @default.
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• W2892025202 date "2018-01-01" @default.
• W2892025202 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
• W2892025202 title "Intracanal heating of sodium hypochlorite: Scanning electron microscope evaluation of root canal walls" @default.
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• W2892025202 doi "https://doi.org/10.4103/jcd.jcd_245_18" @default.
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