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• W2892279444 abstract "Whereas mouse skin LCs originate from embryonic macrophages and fetal liver monocytes, mucosal LCs arise from adult bone marrow precursors – pre-dendritic cells and monocytes. Despite their distinct ontogeny, mouse mucosal and skin LCs share a similar anatomic location, phenotype, transcriptomic signature, and function, which highlights the plasticity of the mononuclear phagocytic system. Indeed, under some conditions skin LCs can also develop from bone marrow precursors. The epithelium holds the cues to instruct LC differentiation. Nevertheless, the mouse epithelium of the skin and the various mucosae (e.g., oral, vaginal, and corneal mucosa), can fine-tune LC differentiation to adjust their phenotype and frequencies to the physiological function and architecture of the tissue. Differentiation of mouse mucosal LCs, unlike skin LCs, can be controlled by the microbiota via regulation of epithelial differentiation signals. Langerhans cells (LCs) are classically viewed as unique antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that originate from embryonic precursors and maintain themselves independently in the epidermis. However, recent studies have demonstrated that murine LCs in mucosal epithelia arise and are continuously replenished from circulating bone marrow (BM) precursors. This has led to the emergence of a novel perspective proposing that LCs can evolve from various origins. Because both embryonic and BM precursors differentiate into LCs only after entering the epithelium, this highlights its crucial role in nurturing LC development to perfectly comply with the physiological functions of the tissue. Thus, current evidence suggests plasticity of LC differentiation, revealing novel developmental mechanisms that are controlled by environmental cues. Langerhans cells (LCs) are classically viewed as unique antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that originate from embryonic precursors and maintain themselves independently in the epidermis. However, recent studies have demonstrated that murine LCs in mucosal epithelia arise and are continuously replenished from circulating bone marrow (BM) precursors. This has led to the emergence of a novel perspective proposing that LCs can evolve from various origins. Because both embryonic and BM precursors differentiate into LCs only after entering the epithelium, this highlights its crucial role in nurturing LC development to perfectly comply with the physiological functions of the tissue. Thus, current evidence suggests plasticity of LC differentiation, revealing novel developmental mechanisms that are controlled by environmental cues. a thin protective layer that separates the epithelium from the underlying connective tissue (dermis or lamina propria). an association of microorganisms forming a layer that is attached to living and non-living surfaces. multipotent stem cells that can give rise to all cell types in blood. an Fc receptor that is constitutively expressed by macrophages and monocytes. costimulatory molecules expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that are required for the activation and survival of T cells. dendritic cells (DCs) that arise from circulating conventional pre-DCs. a chemokine receptor expressed on macrophages and monocytes. a cell-surface glycoprotein expressed at high levels on macrophages; lower levels are expressed by skin and mucosal Langerhans cells (LCs). mice deficient in the transcription regulator Id2 (inhibitor of differentiation and DNA binding 2) which lack LCs and langerin+CD103+ DCs specific tissues in the body (e.g., eye, brain, testis) that are able to tolerate foreign antigens. a thin layer of connective tissue which lies beneath the epithelium and together with the epithelium and basement membrane constitutes the mucosa. the border between the transparent cornea and the opaque sclera (the white of the eye). a basic leucine-zipper transcription factor that is reported to be able to distinguish macrophages from other immune lineages. a reversible biological process in which motile mesenchymal cells are converted to polarized epithelial cells during normal development or disease; MET is the reverse process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). surgical union of two animals allowing sharing of blood circulation. an epithelium consisting of flattened epithelial cells arranged in layers that is well suited to body areas subjected to constant abrasion, such as the skin and the inner lining of the oral cavity, esophagus, eye, and vagina. a zinc-finger transcription factor selectively expressed by conventional DCs and their committed progenitors." @default.
• W2892279444 created "2018-09-27" @default.
• W2892279444 creator A5075955922 @default.
• W2892279444 date "2018-10-01" @default.
• W2892279444 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W2892279444 title "Mucosal and Skin Langerhans Cells – Nurture Calls" @default.
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• W2892279444 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2018.08.007" @default.
• W2892279444 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30219310" @default.
• W2892279444 hasPublicationYear "2018" @default.
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