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• W2892294119 abstract "Introduction: The euro and Ukraine crises, compounded with the rise of Euroskepticism, have led to a panicwave about the future of Europe as a zone of peace and prosperity but also about the EuropeanUnion as a viable political experiment. This panic wave is encapsulated in the titles of a numberof recent books, articles and op-eds written by eminent scholars: The Decline and Fall of Europe,by Richard Youngs; Europe as a Small Power, by Asle Toje; The Coming Erosion of theEuropean Union, by Stephen Walt; Europe crise et fin? d’Etienne Balibar; Europe, le continentperdu, de Philippe Maystadt; or The Decline of Europe, by Walter Laqueur. Andrew Moravcsikmust feel quite lonely these days with a cheery article entitled “Europe as superpower”…Before we start cheering or lamenting the imminent downfall of Europe, a bit of historicalperspective is needed. In The End of the West, David Marquand writes:By 1913, Europe’s share of global GDP was more than twice those of India and China puttogether. (It was twice that of the United States.) The British Empire covered one-quarterof the earth’s land surface; the City of London was the linchpin of the world’s first trulyglobal market. The Russia Empire – not fully European, but ruled from its far-westerncapital in European St Petersburg – extended from Warsaw in the west to the PacificOcean on the east. France ruled vast territories in North and West Africa as well as muchof Southeast Asia. Soft power mimicked hard power. French was the language ofdiplomacy and culture, German of philosophy, and English of political economy. Of thegreat transformative ideologies of the age, liberalism was a British invention,republicanism a Franco-Italian one, and socialism and national Franco-German ones.(Marquand 2011: 5).Compared to that, the European Union is indeed in decline. In this paper, I propose to situate theEU’s current predicament in the historical perspective of Europe as a political region. To do so, I2draw from historical sociology’s theoretical insights and empirical findings, in particular those ofMichael Mann and his study of the sources of social power. I conceptualize Europe as a node infour power networks of historically varying sizes: military, economic, ideological, and political.Based on rudimentary data, I argue that we are not witnessing a real decline of Europe as a regionbut a weakening of Europe’s 400-year old global system of influence. Second, contrary to whatcurrent images of European crisis and marginalization suggest, this decline has been slow,gradual, and is not more pronounced than in the 1950s. Third, Europe remains a preeminent nodein the world’s economic, military, and especially ideological and political networks. It is not asbig as the US, but it hasn’t been for at least 50 years. It is declining relative to China, but it stillsurpasses it.As we know, decline is not only an issue of objective indicators. So in the second part ofthe paper, I turn to the subjective dimension of how Europeans are expected to cope with theirless-significant-than-thought but genuine decline. To begin to address this question, I argue thatIR theory must again be complemented with the insights of historical sociology. Thiscombination allows me to show that, while elites have pursued a fairly liberal strategy ofretrenchment offset by strong involvement in global ideological and political networks, the rise ofdeclinist language among intellectuals and right-wing politicians may fuel other strategies thatwill make Europe’s transition to a “normal” political region more difficult." @default.
• W2892294119 created "2018-09-27" @default.
• W2892294119 creator A5066692588 @default.
• W2892294119 date "2015-01-01" @default.
• W2892294119 modified "2023-10-10" @default.
• W2892294119 title "The Decline of the European Union:Insights from Historical Sociology" @default.
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