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• W2892411938 abstract "Two of the three elements in the demographic balancing equation—fertility and mortality—are profoundly biological phenomena. But how biological phenomena are managed and interpreted is thoroughly social and cultural. This is a social history of the management and interpretation of childbearing in the US in the period from the mid-eighteenth to the mid-nineteenth century, drawing on women's letters and diaries and a variety of print sources (medical texts, prescriptive literature, visual culture, and mass periodicals). From these the author extracts “perceptions and representations of corporeality” (p. 5). Setting the background, the author notes that this hundred years witnessed a decline in fertility (roughly two births) and the early stages of the medicalization of pregnancy and childbirth. Even so, women still bore five children on average in the mid-nineteenth century, and therefore pregnancy, breastfeeding, and child-care demanded a large fraction of women's time and energy from their early 20s until their early 40s. The author stresses the sheer physicality of this demand, as reproductive responsibilities came on top of expectations to contribute labor to the domestic economy (although this was subsiding by the mid-nineteenth as employment shifted away from the home). The main theme of this volume is the emergence during this period of what the author terms “sentimental motherhood,” the notion that women are responsible for the shaping of children's minds and morals and the nurturance of children's souls, previously regarded as primarily the responsibility of the father and other senior men. This represented a downplaying of the bodily aspects of childbearing and childrearing and was undoubtedly influenced by streams of Enlightenment thought that emphasized mind-body dualism and, more specifically, the view that women are by nature more virtuous and kind than men. Chapters consider in turn pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding, and the care of infants and toddlers. Sexuality is largely ignored. Some attention is given to differences by class, with the sentimental mother a more dominant notion among the bourgeois and upper classes, and there is a chapter on motherhood among the enslaved African American population. Throughout, the author walks the tightrope of stressing the centrality of physical experience while avoiding crude biological essentialism. Bibliography; index." @default.
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• W2892411938 date "2018-09-01" @default.
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• W2892411938 title "Nora Doyle Maternal Bodies: Redefining Motherhood in Early America University of North Carolina Press, 2018. 286 p. $32.95 (pbk.)." @default.
• W2892411938 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/padr.12194" @default.
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