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• W2893827296 abstract "The study of public perceptions and reactions towards crime has becomeprominent in the criminology of ‘fear of crime’ since the 1980s. As Smith suggested in one of the early formulations of the concept, fear of crime broadlyrefers to ‘an emotional response to a threat: an admission to self and othersthat crime is intimidating; and an expression of one’s sense of danger andanxiety at the prospect of being harmed’ (Smith, 1987: 2).There is now a rich tradition in criminology that typically revolves aroundthe study of the prevalence, distribution and multifaceted meanings and experiences of crime fears as being related to ‘people’ (e.g., the socio-demographics, socialrelations and identities of people with crime concerns), ‘places’ (e.g., spatial orstructural contextual conditions that shape crime concerns), or ‘problems’ (e.g.,social exclusion, unemployment, poverty, environmental planning) (Innes, 2014:5-6; see also Pain, 2000). In societies where high levels of crime have become aroutine social fact (Skogan, 1990; Garland, 2001; Farrall et al., 2009), publicconcerns about crime may spur moral panics signalling wider anxieties aboutsocial order, underscoring boundaries of ‘us’ (respectable, law-abiding society)versus ‘them’ (the criminals, social deviants) (Cohen, 2002 [1972]; Goode andBen-Yehuda, 2009). In many Anglo-Western societies such as the USA and theUK, fears tend to focus on stereotypical ‘others’ on the margins of societywhose presence threatens mainstream life and values. As Garland (1996: 461)has pointed out in relation to ‘criminologies of the other’, the association ofdanger with the ‘threatening outcast, the fearsome stranger, the excluded andthe embittered’, is also invoked by politicians to ‘govern through’ the fear ofcrime (Simon, 2007; see also Roberts et al., 2003). To what extent can thesecriminological insights help us make sense of social reactions to crime and publicsentiments about safety in low-crime societies beyond Anglo-Western contexts?This chapter examines public perceptions of crime and disorder in HongKong. Hong Kong has consistently been described as one of the safest cities inthe world and was ranked 11th out of 50 global cities in terms of overall safety inthe 2015 The Economist Safe Cities Index (Economist Intelligence Unit, 2015).According to official figures, Hong Kong’s crime rate per 100,000 population in2012 was 1,061. ‘Though higher than that of Singapore (584), the figure waslower than those of Paris (10,455), London (9,500), New York (2,361) andTokyo (1,387). This indicate[s] that the overall law and order situation in HongKong [is] rather good when compared with other major cities’ (Hong KongPolice press release, 28 January 2014, ‘Overall law and order situation furtherimproved in 2013’). On the surface, Hong Kong does not exhibit the conventional signs of disorder which may point to crime and social decline central tothe oft-cited ‘broken window thesis’ in other high-crime societies (cf. Wilsonand Kelling, 1982). There are ‘very few outward signs of grave physical disordersuch as public drinking and vandalism. In Hong Kong, people do not write onthe walls or drink in public’ (La Grange, 2011: 1190). Against this background,the subject of fear of crime has been ‘virtually unexplored’ in Hong Kong (Chuiet al., 2012: 479). So what do people in Hong Kong actually think and feelabout crime and disorder? Do they feel safe, and if not, why not?This chapter aims at providing some pointers to researchers and studentsinterested in understanding public perceptions about crime as a social issue.Our starting point is that public sentiments and perceptions about safety arenot a simple correlate of overall crime levels and aggregate crime rates. Instead,people’s sense of security is influenced by crime as well as what they perceive astroubling behaviours and disorderly environments that send ‘signals’ (Innes,2004, 2014) to them about the distribution of risks and threats in particularlocales. Furthermore, people’s fear of crime is multifaceted, changeable, andembedded in the local details of individuals’ circumstances and everydayexperiences in their neighbourhood and beyond. As Pain (2000: 368) suggests,‘we all move in and out of shades of fear over our life courses, influenced byour own experiences and by spatial, social and temporal situation’. In the restof this chapter, we provide a brief review of the existing (largely quantitative)studies of crime victimisation and public perceptions of safety in Hong Kong.We then draw on the findings of our focus group study on fear of crime inHong Kong in order to understand what citizens think and feel about dangerous ‘others’ and anti-social behaviour through their ‘crime talk’ (Sasson, 1995).We conclude by highlighting the potential of the ‘signal crimes perspective’(Innes, 2014) in providing new directions for understanding the situated andlocal nature of people’s crime fears and perceptions of safety in Hong Kong." @default.
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• W2893827296 date "2016-09-13" @default.
• W2893827296 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W2893827296 title "Public perceptions of crime and safety" @default.
• W2893827296 doi "https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315713205-14" @default.
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