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• W2893828097 abstract "The physiology and metabolism of organisms are organized in a temporal fashion using cellular circadian clocks for timing. These cellular clocks are synchronized at the tissue level and are in stable phase relationships to other tissues and organs, thereby establishing an organism-wide circadian system. Temporal organization ensures efficient and highly coordinated metabolism, which is essential for adaptability and robustness of physiological functions under changing environmental conditions. Chronic disturbance of this coordination (e.g., rotating shift work, and chronic jet lag) leads to interference between anabolic and catabolic processes and an increase of metabolic and protein waste products coupled with inefficient clearance. As a consequence, metabolic and neurological diseases may develop. The glymphatic system has emerged as a waste clearance system for the central nervous system. Its detailed function and temporal coordination for optimal waste clearance is subject of intense research. The rotation of the Earth around its axis causes periodic exposure of half of its surface to sunlight. This daily recurring event has been internalized in most organisms in the form of cellular circadian clock mechanisms. These cellular clocks are synchronized with each other in various ways to establish circadian networks that build the circadian program in tissues and organs, coordinating physiology and behavior in the entire organism. In the mammalian brain, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) receives light information via the retina and synchronizes its own neuronal clocks to the light signal. Subsequently, the SCN transmits this information to the network of clocks in tissues and organs, thereby synchronizing body physiology and behavior. Disruption of cellular clocks and/or destruction of the synchronization between the clocks, as experienced for instance in jet lag and shift-work conditions, affects normal brain function and can lead to metabolic problems, sleep disturbance, and accelerated neurological decline. In this review, we highlight ways through which the circadian system can coordinate normal brain function, with a focus on metabolism and metabolic astrocyte–neuron communications. Recent developments, for example, on how waste clearance in the brain could be modulated by the circadian clock, will also be discussed. This synthesis provides insights into the impact of metabolism not only on the circadian clock, but also on sleep and how this connection may exacerbate neurological diseases. The rotation of the Earth around its axis causes periodic exposure of half of its surface to sunlight. This daily recurring event has been internalized in most organisms in the form of cellular circadian clock mechanisms. These cellular clocks are synchronized with each other in various ways to establish circadian networks that build the circadian program in tissues and organs, coordinating physiology and behavior in the entire organism. In the mammalian brain, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) receives light information via the retina and synchronizes its own neuronal clocks to the light signal. Subsequently, the SCN transmits this information to the network of clocks in tissues and organs, thereby synchronizing body physiology and behavior. Disruption of cellular clocks and/or destruction of the synchronization between the clocks, as experienced for instance in jet lag and shift-work conditions, affects normal brain function and can lead to metabolic problems, sleep disturbance, and accelerated neurological decline. In this review, we highlight ways through which the circadian system can coordinate normal brain function, with a focus on metabolism and metabolic astrocyte–neuron communications. Recent developments, for example, on how waste clearance in the brain could be modulated by the circadian clock, will also be discussed. This synthesis provides insights into the impact of metabolism not only on the circadian clock, but also on sleep and how this connection may exacerbate neurological diseases. ketone body generated from FAs during fasting and extended exercise. It functions as an energy source and as signaling molecule that induces the expression of BDNF leading to mitochondrial biogenesis and increased synaptic plasticity. rhythm with a period of about 24 h that persists under constant conditions (e.g., constant darkness). genes that are transcriptionally regulated by molecular clock components but are not themselves part of the clock mechanism. rhythm with a period of 24 h that does not persist under constant conditions, but rather requires a daily signal initiating the next cycle of the rhythm. period (cycle length) determined under constant conditions. repetitive cycles of a metabolic challenge (fasting and/or exercise) that leads to depletion of liver glycogen stores and elevates circulating ketone bodies, followed by a recovery period (eating, resting and sleeping). class of proteins that bind various types of molecules including hormones and metabolites. They act as transcriptional activators or repressors. waste clearance pathway in the vertebrate central nervous system that depends on glial cells (astrocytes). CSF enters the brain parenchyma via para-arterial influx, which is coupled to a mechanism clearing waste via removal of interstitial fluid and extracellular solutes from the brain and spinal cord. Exchange of solutes is driven by arterial pulsation and temporal (circadian?) expansion and contraction of brain extracellular space. Clearance of waste and soluble proteins is accomplished through convective bulk flow of fluids, facilitated by aquaporin-4 water channels on astrocytes. displacement of a rhythm (e.g., circadian rhythm) to earlier times (advance) or later times (delay). recurring state characterized by reduced or absent consciousness, relatively suspended sensory activity, and inactivity of nearly all voluntary muscles. It has a circadian component and a homeostatic component. paired nuclei in the ventral part of the hypothalamus lying just above the optic chiasm and on either side of the third ventricle. Each of them comprises ∼10 000 neurons in mice and rats. The SCN is the master circadian pacemaker and coordinator of central and peripheral circadian rhythms." @default.
• W2893828097 created "2018-10-05" @default.
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• W2893828097 date "2018-10-01" @default.
• W2893828097 modified "2023-10-11" @default.
• W2893828097 title "Circadian Clocks and Sleep: Impact of Rhythmic Metabolism and Waste Clearance on the Brain" @default.
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• W2893828097 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2018.07.007" @default.
• W2893828097 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30274603" @default.
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