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• W2893882568 abstract "This chapter introduces correlations related to mass transfer for aerated and agitated system. Since aeration for the growth of microorganisms is essential, the measurement of dissolved oxygen concentration in fermentation broth is conducted. The respiration quotient for living cell and oxygen transfer rate (OTR) describes the biological activities; details of the process descriptions are given. Gas-hold up and mass transfer coefficients are calculated for the agitated and aerated fermentation vessel. This chapter covers two case studies conducted on: 1. OTR model in an aerated tank for pharmaceutical wastewater; 2. Fuel and chemical production from the water gas shift reaction by fermentation processes. The treatment of pharmaceutical nonpenicillin wastewater was conducted using a biological aerobic process. Oxygen transfer rate plays the major role in reducing the organic pollutants of the wastewater by removing gases, oils, volatile acids, and odor. The microbe used in the experiment was an ethanol producer, a type of fungus isolated from the wastewater. The optical density, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and concentration of chemicals equivalent to carbohydrate were measured for duration of three to four days aeration. Thus, the propagation of bacteria was monitored, and the growth rate was determined. The oxygen transfer rate and mass transfer coefficient were affected by airflow rate, bubble size, and agitation rate. Dissolved oxygen (DO) was shown as an indicator of microbial growth and limitation of mass transfer. The DO was about 7.89 ppm from the starting point; it then dropped to 2 ppm at the end of the first day. After the second day of aeration, the oxygen depletion was obviously determined since the DO meter showed 0.14 ppm. The aeration rate was 0.2–1.3 L min−1, for a working volume of 3 L and 5–10 L min−1 for a 15 L aerated tank. Maximum optical density was obtained with high aeration rate at the first day of aeration, 0.95 g L−1; as the aeration was reduced, the cell propagation also reduced, and the maximum cell growth was obtained at the end of the third day of aeration with minimum airflow rate. The maximum COD and carbohydrate reduction were 58 and 90%, respectively, with 1.15 L min−1 airflow rate in the 3 L aeration system. The bubble size affected the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (KL·a). As the surface of gas exposure to liquid increased, S1, the mass transfer coefficient, improved. As the DO rate dropped, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient also decreased. KL·a for airflow rates of five and 10 L min−1 for a 15 L aerated tank was 0.06 and 0.4 h−1, respectively." @default.
• W2893882568 created "2018-10-05" @default.
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• W2893882568 date "2015-01-01" @default.
• W2893882568 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W2893882568 title "Gas and Liquid System (Aeration and Agitation)∗∗This case study was partially written with contributions from:Maedeh Mohammadi, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Noushirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran." @default.
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• W2893882568 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63357-6.00003-1" @default.
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