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• W2893969499 startingPage "2180" @default.
• W2893969499 abstract "Nicotine and alcohol addiction are leading causes of preventable death worldwide and continue to constitute a huge socio-economic burden. Both nicotine and alcohol perturb the brain's mesocorticolimbic system. Dopamine (DA) neurons projecting from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to multiple downstream structures, including the nucleus accumbens, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala, are highly involved in the maintenance of healthy brain function. VTA DA neurons play a crucial role in associative learning and reinforcement. Nicotine and alcohol usurp these functions, promoting reinforcement of drug taking behaviors. In this review, we will first describe how nicotine and alcohol individually affect VTA DA neurons by examining how drug exposure alters the heterogeneous VTA microcircuit and network-wide projections. We will also examine how coadministration or previous exposure to nicotine or alcohol may augment the reinforcing effects of the other. Additionally, this review briefly summarizes the role of VTA DA neurons in nicotine, alcohol, and their synergistic effects in reinforcement and also addresses the remaining questions related to the circuit-function specificity of the dopaminergic system in mediating nicotine/alcohol reinforcement and comorbidity." @default.
• W2893969499 created "2018-10-05" @default.
• W2893969499 creator A5000634032 @default.
• W2893969499 creator A5057972719 @default.
• W2893969499 creator A5066609936 @default.
• W2893969499 date "2018-10-15" @default.
• W2893969499 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2893969499 title "Nicotine and alcohol: the role of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in drug reinforcement" @default.
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