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• W289447111 abstract "Appearing in Winter 2006 issue of Historical Journal of Massachusetts was an article about identity of Indian word by Marge Bruchac and Peter Thomas. As they explained, word is found in only one place: a July 1663 letter that John Pynchon of Springfield wrote Dutch colony of Rensselaerswyck in Netherland. Pynchon wrote in English, which was then translated into Dutch, but original document has been lost. However, an English text of document exists, published in 1881 by State of York. It opens with following paragraph: This is written your Honors at request of of Agawam, Pajassuck, Nalwetog, Pacomtuck and Wissatinnewag, inform their friends, Dutch, that they are very much put out, because Sowquackick had killed and murdered some of Maquaas [Mohawks]; all above named request herewith, that Dutch Commissaries will believe, that only Sowquackick had been killing Maquaas.1 The Bruchac-Thomas article offers a long argument in an effort locate Wissatinnewag, but it relies almost exclusively on an elaborate, inconclusive linguistic analysis of word itself, without providing any real historical evidence. They conclude that Wissatinnewag was a corruption of Algonquian Indian name for in what is now Berkshire County, Massachusetts. This conclusion is probably incorrect. Whether or not Pynchon was familiar with Dutch or Indian languages is immaterial because there was no Indian community on Housatonic River of Massachusetts in 1663. On that account alone, Bruchac-Thomas argument is not particularly convincing when other factors are considered. A better approach is an examination of historical context in which Pynchon wrote his letter. By 1656 he and his father had established Indian fur trading posts at Springfield and on Westfield River.2 In 1661 John began trading on Housatonic River with Mohicans from Hudson River Valley but that endeavor proved unsuccessful and was abandoned next year.3 By 1663, there were no living year-round on Housatonic. The Mohicans of Hudson River followed a seasonal lifestyle in seventeenth century and visited their traditional hunting grounds in western Massachusetts only for two-month periods in fall and winter.4 John Pynchon acted as agent for of Connecticut River Valley, those whom he called our Indians. He had no jurisdiction over Mohicans of Hudson Valley, known then as Albany Indians and later as New York Indians. Thus he had no authority in 1663 petition Dutch in favor of any on Housatonic. They would have sent their petitions directly Dutch authorities.5 Even if Bruchac and Thomas could establish presence of Mohicans at Housatonic in July 1663, then it would make no sense for that tribe enlist aid of Pynchon for protection from Mohawks. Mohicans and Mohawks were at war with each other in 1663 and it seems unlikely that former would be requesting that their enemies not attack them for murders committed by Sowquackicks.6 Within body of Pynchon' s letter are two phrases that offer significant clues location of Wissatinnewag. Pynchon begins by mentioning five tribes or locations: Agawam (Springfield), Pajassuck (Westfield), Nalwetog (Northampton), Pocumtuck (Deerfield), and mysterious Wissatinnewag. In his second paragraph, he refers to other of Caneticot [Connecticut] river, as Pacomtuck, Nanatan, Agawam and further down. Later he describes the Southern of Pacomtuck and Agawam and farther South.7 Since Pynchon had no agency over on Housatonic, he was representing only those tribes on Connecticut River. These phrases then suggest that Wissatinnewag was on that river south of Agawam and within jurisdiction of Massachusetts Bay Colony. …" @default.
• W289447111 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W289447111 date "2007-07-01" @default.
• W289447111 modified "2023-09-22" @default.
• W289447111 title "Locating Wissatinnewag: A Second Opinion" @default.
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