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• W2894910615 abstract "Reproduction is energetically costly and seasonalbreeding has evolved to capitalize on predictable increases in foodavailability. The synchronization of breeding with periods of peakfood availability is especially important for small birds, most ofwhich do not store an extensive amount of energy. The annual changein photoperiod is the primary environmental cue regulatingreproductive development, but must be integrated with supplementarycues relating to local energetic conditions. Photoperiodicregulation of the reproductive neuroendocrine system is welldescribed in seasonally breeding birds, but the mechanisms thatthese animals use to integrate supplementary cues remain unclear. Ihypothesized that (a) environmental cues that negatively affectenergy balance inhibit reproductive development by acting atmultiple levels along the reproductive endocrine axis including thehypothalamus (b) that the availability of metabolic fuels conveysalterations in energy balance to the reproductive system. Iinvestigated these hypotheses in male house finches, Haemorhousmexicanus, caught in the wild and brought into captivity. I firstexperimentally reduced body condition through food restriction andfound that gonadal development and function are inhibited and thesechanges are associated with changes in hypothalamicgonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). I then investigated thisneuroendocrine integration and found that finches maintainreproductive flexibility through modifying the release ofaccumulated GnRH stores in response to energetic conditions.Lastly, I investigated the role of metabolic fuels in coordinatingreproductive responses under two different models of negativeenergy balance, decreased energy intake (food restriction) andincreased energy expenditure (high temperatures). Exposure to hightemperatures lowered body condition and reduced food intake.Reproductive development was inhibited under both energychallenges, and occurred with decreased gonadal gene expression ofenzymes involved in steroid synthesis. Minor changes in fuelutilization occurred under food restriction but not hightemperatures. My results support the hypothesis that negativeenergy balance inhibits reproductive development through multileveleffects on the hypothalamus and gonads. These studies are among thefirst to demonstrate a negative effect of high temperatures onreproductive development in a wild bird. Overall, the abovefindings provide important foundations for investigations intoadaptive responses of breeding in energetically variableenvironments." @default.
• W2894910615 created "2018-10-12" @default.
• W2894910615 creator A5062204706 @default.
• W2894910615 date "2018-01-01" @default.
• W2894910615 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2894910615 title "Consequences of Negative Energy Balance on Avian Reproductive Physiology: Endocrine and Metabolic Mediators" @default.
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