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• W2895587672 abstract "Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease share common cell death mechanisms despite significant differences in the underlying pathology causing neuronal dysfunction and death. Current treatments for these diseases are merely symptomatic and clearly limited, as they do not slow down the progression of neurodegeneration. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to reveal the mechanisms of neuronal cell death in order to identify novel targets for effective causal therapies. In this book chapter we summarize current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying oxytosis, a particular mode of regulated cell death induced by oxidative stress. In oxytosis, inhibition of the glutamate/cysteine (Xc− Cys/Glu) antiporter, depletion of glutathione (GSH), activation of 12/15 lipoxygenases (LOX), and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are pivotal up-stream mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction. Further intracellular signaling pathways linked to oxytosis include mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), a family of serine/threonine protein kinases consisting of growth factor-regulated extracellular signal-related kinases (ERKs), stress-activated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 MAPKs. Mitochondria are regarded as the key decision points in oxytosis, where mitochondrial fragmentation (fission, activation of DRP1, BID and BAX) and accelerated mitochondrial ROS formation determine the final phase of cell death. Downstream mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction include the disruption of mitochondrial membrane integrity and the release of pro-apoptotic factors such as apoptosis inducing factor (AIF). In this chapter we address the molecular mechanisms underlying oxytosis with emphasis on mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dependent pathways that could be exposed as potential therapeutic strategies to prevent or rescue neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases." @default.
• W2895587672 created "2018-10-12" @default.
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• W2895587672 date "2018-09-12" @default.
• W2895587672 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2895587672 title "Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Oxytosis" @default.
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