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• W2895767554 abstract "INTRODUCTION:Orthodontic tooth movement is based on force induced periodontal ligament and alveolar bone remodeling. Mechanical stimuli exerted on a tooth causes inflammatory response in periodontium. Inflammatory mediators are released that trigger the biological processes associated with alveolar bone resorption and deposition. The knowledge of two possible control elements namely bioelectric signal and chemical signal are mandatory for better understanding of the physiologic response of the teeth against sustained pressure. Hence it is necessary to consider the biologic control mechanism that leads from mechanical stimulus of sustained force application to the response of orthodontic tooth movement.Cytokines are one among the local biochemical mediators of tooth movement and are secreted mainly by adipocytes2 and also by mononuclear cells and leukocytes. Cytokines can provoke the synthesis and secretion of numerous substances that form the molecular basis for cell-to-cell communication, including prostaglandins (PGs) andgrowth factors, thus interacting directly or indirectly with bone cells Cytokines are extracellular signaling proteins that act on nearby target cells in low concentration. Cytokines are involved in initiating, amplifying, perpetuating and resolving inflammatory responses. Cytokines have multiple biologic activities and they are also involved in bone remodeling, resorption and or new bone deposition and thus they play an important role in tooth movement. Leptin is a 16 KDa non –glycosylated polypeptide hormone and has been classified as pro inflammatory cytokine. It could be easily defined as cytokine like hormone with pleiotropic actions 65. It was named leptin after the Greek God Leptos which means “THIN”. Leptin is chiefly synthesized and secreted by adipocytes. Leptin has been reported to influence various biological mechanisms including the immune and inflammatory response, hematopoeisis, angiogenesis, bone formation and wound healing. Acute infection, sepsis and wide range of inflammatory mediators increase leptin synthesis. However chronic stimulation induces a suppression of leptin synthesis. Leptin orchestrates the host response to inflammatory and infectious stimuli as it stimulates the immune response by enhancing cytokine production and phagocytosis of macrophages Thus overall increase in leptin during inflammation and infection indicates leptin is a part of immune response and defense mechanism. Recently it has been suggested that leptin plays a significant role in bone formation by virtue of its direct effect on osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and in prolonging the life span of human primary osteoblasts by inhibiting apoptosis. Thus leptin at high concentration protects the host from inflammation and infections and maintains the bone level that is very crucial for orthodontic tooth movement.Gingival crevice fluid (GCF) is an inflammatory exudate that seeps into gingival crevices or periodontal pockets around teeth with inflamed gingiva 15 Since 1960, when it was first suggested that analysis of GCF might be a way to quantitatively evaluate the inflammatory status of gingival and periodontal tissues11, there has been intense interest in the diagnostic potential of GCF. Recently, a number of GCF constituents have been shown to be diagnostic markers of active tissue destruction in periodontal diseases. Therefore biochemical analysis of GCF provides a non- invasive model for investigating the cellular response of underlying PDL during orthodontic tooth movement.The purpose of this study was to test the levels of leptin in GCF around a moving tooth and to find if any changes in leptin level occur during Orthodontic tooth movement after applying constant continuous force.AIM OF THE STUDY:To evaluate the levels of leptin in gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement OBJECTIVES: 1. To find the leptin levels in gingival crevicular fluid in normal healthy patients. 2. To find the leptin levels during orthodontic tooth movement in the same sample without applying retractive force. 3. To find the leptin levels in orthodontic during orthodontic tooth movement after applying retractive force.4. To compare the above two values and to determine whether any changes in leptin level occur during orthodontic tooth movement.5. To find the role of leptin as a mediator for tooth movement.MATERIALS AND METHODS:25 orthodontic subjects including 13 boys and 12 girls in the age group of 16- 20 years attending the outpatient Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Of Tamilnadu Government Dental College & Hospital Chennai constitute the sample. Patients rights were protected, Comprehensive procedural information was given to all patients and written informed consent obtained. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethical Committee of Tamilnadu Govt. Dental College & Hospital, Chennai.Inclusion criteria:Subjects those who fulfilled the following criteria were only included in the study:1. Orthodontic patients requiring maxillary 1st PM extraction and distal movement of canines.2. Good health.3. Normal body mass index.4. No use of anti-inflammatory drugs within the month preceding the study.5. No history of antimicrobial therapy within previous 6 months.6. Healthy periodontal tissues with generalized probing depth of less than or equal to 2 mm with minimal bleeding.7. No history of chronic medication that may have effect on leptin levels (oral contraceptives and antipsychotics).8. No radiographic evidence of periodontal bone loss. 9. Patients who have signed the informed consent.Oral prophylaxis was done for all subjects following which oral hygiene instructions were given before placement of orthodontic appliances. To avoid leptin derived from obese subjects biasing the estimation of leptin concentration, these subjects were excluded from the study by selecting only subjects with a normal body mass index (18.5–22.9 kg/m2) according to a chart for the Asian population given by the World Health Organization in 2002.RESULTS:As oral hygiene instructions were severely given to all patients, plaque accumulation was minimal throughout the study period. There was no bleeding on probing or loss of attachment. Probing depth remained less than 2mm throughout the study period.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:Descriptive statistics including means and standard deviations were calculated for GCF volume and GCF leptin levels of the test tooth and control tooth .One way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD test were used. The data thus collected were assessed using SPSS statistical software.SUMMARY & CONCLUSION:From the findings observed in this study it can be concluded that,1. When constant, continuous and optimal orthodontic forces are applied concentration of leptin in GCF is increased in early acute stages.2. When the orthodontic forces are maintained within optimal range for longer period, the gingival tissues recover quickly restoring the normal or baseline leptin values in GCF.3. Girls have more leptin concentration in GCF than boys that may be due various hormonal factors.4. Orthodontic tooth movement can be carried out without any significant destructive changes in investing tissues of the teeth provided oral hygiene is properly maintained.5. Leptin is one of the mediators of orthodontic tooth movement.Future studies are required to evaluate the levels of leptin in GCF under various force magnitudes over a longperiod and to clarify the protective role of leptin in periodontal disease progression. Future interventional studies involving leptin administration are expected to further clarify the pharmaco therapeutic role of leptin in orthodontic tooth movement and periodontal disease progression." @default.
• W2895767554 created "2018-10-12" @default.
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• W2895767554 date "2011-04-01" @default.
• W2895767554 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W2895767554 title "Evaluation of Leptin Levels In Gingival Crevicular Fluid during Orthodontic Tooth Movement" @default.
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