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• W2895925119 endingPage "1029" @default.
• W2895925119 startingPage "1014" @default.
• W2895925119 abstract "Metabolic and mechanical cues control stem cell fate in vivo and in vitro. There is a synergistic intertwining of metabolism, stem cell fate, differentiation, and reprogramming. The mechanical properties of embryonic cells are crucial for their precise development. Recent knowledge of the mechanical properties at different cell stages of embryonic development has brought to light the role of mechanosensing in cell fate decision. In vitro, biophysical cues are key modulators in ESC fate and cellular reprogramming. The connection between metabolic and mechanotransduction signaling pathways is emerging as key in determining cell fate but remains largely unexplored. Evidence suggests that YAP, MAPK, and PI3K signaling pathways act as molecular crosstalk between metabolism and mechanotransduction. The ability to shift between metabolic states and to tightly regulate cellular mechanical properties have been described as crucial events in the achievement of correct embryonic development. Indeed, metabolic and mechanical manipulations in vitro have led to the discovery of new methods to control cell fate. As these two modulators are usually studied separately, in this review article, we describe how cellular mechanics and metabolic characteristics regulate embryonic development in vivo and describe the role of these cues in the regulation of pluripotency and differentiation in vitro. We also pinpoint possible connections between metabolism and mechanotransduction, highlighting recent findings in the Yes-associated protein, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, and how they may be relevant in modulating cell fate in other contexts. The ability to shift between metabolic states and to tightly regulate cellular mechanical properties have been described as crucial events in the achievement of correct embryonic development. Indeed, metabolic and mechanical manipulations in vitro have led to the discovery of new methods to control cell fate. As these two modulators are usually studied separately, in this review article, we describe how cellular mechanics and metabolic characteristics regulate embryonic development in vivo and describe the role of these cues in the regulation of pluripotency and differentiation in vitro. We also pinpoint possible connections between metabolism and mechanotransduction, highlighting recent findings in the Yes-associated protein, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, and how they may be relevant in modulating cell fate in other contexts. pathways responsible for the production of macromolecules, such as nucleotides, amino acids, and lipids. Anabolic pathways require energy from ATP or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). an in vitro 3D combination of ESCs and trophoblast stem cells that resembles the transcription profile and the structure of the blastocyst. process in which blastomeres flatten against each other, their cell-cell contact is maximized, and they can no longer be distinguished morphologically. This takes place before the morula stage of embryo development. pathways that break down molecules into smaller units to produce energy or building blocks. an in vitro multicellular model of gastrulation. the rate at which molecules progress through glycolysis. combination of anabolic and catabolic mechanisms that occur inside a cell. ESCs capable of unlimited self-renewal capacity and able to differentiate into all three germ layers in vitro and to form teratomas and chimeras in vivo. The earliest stage of pluripotency. an in vitro multicellular structure that contains many cell types resembling a specific adult organ. cells that can differentiate in vitro as well as in vivo, giving rise to all three embryonic lineages and germ cells, as well as being capable of self-renewal. ESCs that are not capable of forming chimeras in vivo, although they are still able to form teratomas and differentiate into all three germ layers in vitro. A later stage of pluripotency. cells that can proliferate indefinitely, while maintaining pluripotency. reported in Pascal (Pa) units, it is the ability of a material to resist to a force. It is formally defined as Young’s elastic modulus (E) and results from the relationship between the force applied to a defined area (stress) and the resultant deformation of the material (strain). A stiff matrix is more resistant to deformation than a soft matrix. a multicellular type of rare tumor used as an in vivo pluripotency assay, the only one that can be performed with human cells. The teratoma assay assesses the ability of cells to spontaneously differentiate into tissues from the three germ layers when injected into immunocompromised mice. If they are pluripotent cells should always form teratomas." @default.
• W2895925119 created "2018-10-26" @default.
• W2895925119 creator A5003835601 @default.
• W2895925119 creator A5009068686 @default.
• W2895925119 creator A5018705368 @default.
• W2895925119 creator A5033498068 @default.
• W2895925119 date "2018-12-01" @default.
• W2895925119 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W2895925119 title "Metabolic and Mechanical Cues Regulating Pluripotent Stem Cell Fate" @default.
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