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• W2896593881 abstract "Older adults tend to have slower response times (RTs) than younger adults on cognitive tasks.This makes the examination of domain-specific deficits in aging difficult, as differencesbetween conditions in raw RTs (RT costs) typically increase with slower average RTs. Here,we examine the mapping between two established approaches to dealing with this confoundin the literature. The first is to use transformed RT costs, with the z-score and proportionaltransforms both being commonly used. The second is to use mathematical models of choiceRT behavior, such as the drift-diffusion model (Ratcliff, 1978). We simulated data foryounger and older adults from the drift-diffusion model under four scenarios: A) a domainspecific deficit, B) general slowing, C) strategic slowing, and D) a slowing of non-decisionprocesses. In each scenario we varied the size of the difference between younger and olderadults in the model parameters, and examined corresponding effect sizes and type 1 errorrates in the raw and transformed RT costs. The z-score transformation provided better controlof type 1 error rates than the raw or proportional costs, though did not fully control fordifferences in the general slowing and strategic slowing scenarios. We recommend that RTanalyses are ideally supplemented by analyses of error rates where possible, as these mayhelp to identify the presence of confounds. To facilitate this, it would be beneficial to includeconditions that elicit below ceiling accuracy in tasks." @default.
• W2896593881 created "2018-10-26" @default.
• W2896593881 creator A5053121970 @default.
• W2896593881 creator A5069852778 @default.
• W2896593881 creator A5078814645 @default.
• W2896593881 date "2018-11-01" @default.
• W2896593881 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W2896593881 title "The mapping between transformed reaction time costs and models of processing in aging and cognition." @default.
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• W2896593881 doi "https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000298" @default.
• W2896593881 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6233521" @default.
• W2896593881 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30299155" @default.
• W2896593881 hasPublicationYear "2018" @default.
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