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• W289669149 abstract "Cacipen pal o Roma. A global report on Roma in Slovakia. Michal Vasecka, Marina Juraskova, Tom Nicholson, editors. Bratislava: Institute of Public Affairs. 2003. ISBN 80-88935-46-6. The riots (some might prefer to see them as a small scale uprising) that broke out amongst Roma in eastern Slovakia in early 2004 surely mark a new phase in the relationship of the impoverished Roma and the post communist state. While Slovak politicians were quick to blame the violence on the coordinated efforts of usurious money lenders (who, it was said, feared the loss of income consequent on a 50 per cent reduction in benefit payments to their debtors), others might point to the way that the Slovak government had tried to legitimate the welfare reform to its own non-Romany voters as an attack on Romany 'scroungers' and 'welfare-spongers.' The refusal to pay child benefit beyond the fourth child had been frequently and explicitly justified as an anti-Romany measure. Little wonder that Roma felt the reform was a racialised and personally targeted attack on their communities and that some of them responded in outrage and fury. As far as I know this is the first time that Roma anywhere in Europe have engaged in this form of mass protest with which western Europeans and north Americans are more familiar. Whether the explosive release of frustration of this sort becomes a pattern or whether the Slovak state can find new ways of dealing with the multiple social exclusion their Roma face is a question left open by the book in hand. Michal Vasecka and his team at the Slovak Institute of Public affairs are to be congratulated for producing what I think must count as the most comprehensive English language survey of the Romany population of any east European country. The book has a total of thirty five short chapters, which range in coverage from broad historical surveys (1200-1750 and 1750-1918 are the time spans of the first two chapters) through ethnographic reports (the chapter on the religious life of the Roma by Milan Kovac is noteworthy for its presentation of original research material) to a series of detailed, often statistically based studies on Romany presence in Slovakia. Here we find, for instance, discussions of demography at the national level but also an attempt at an interpretation of changes in Romany family and household structures; other chapters provide a look at the presentation of the Roma in political debates and a study of discriminatory practices in various public spheres, to mention just a few. In all, this book aims to provide policy makers, NGOs, activists and anyone concerned with the future of Slovakia's Romany population a basic framework for understanding the current situation and the challenges faced today. And at this level it works very well indeed. A chapter on Roma in the education system gives a flavour of the range that this book aims for. Sylvia Rigova and Eva Koncikova, two of the foremost advocates and proponents of educational reform to benefit Romany kids, (as well as three other authors) provide an authoritative survey of the current treatment of Roma. While 30,000 Slovak children attend kindergarten aged four, only 700 Romany children in the whole country receive this crucial opportunity to prepare themselves for school and the proportion of Romany kids barely improves in the final two years of preschool. We are also given a clear description of the various institutions in which Roma are educated- the special schools it appears are almost entirely a regional speciality of eastern Slovakia and the area around Presov-and, finally, a presentation of the various innovative efforts to improve Romany educational outcomes. The authors, however, point out that all of these are donor funded NGO projects and that despite all the successes especially of foundation year projects 'no social or political will has been created to integrate zeros grades into educational legislation.' Indeed, the general lesson of the book, if one can draw out one single point is that, as Michal Vasecka puts it in a forceful conclusion, the form of ethnic and cultural self identification that has characterised Slovak public culture in the past century provides the primary obstacle to dealing with social difference, and the primary source of the 'racist paradox' that at the same time as many, maybe most, Roma had culturally assimilated their social, cultural and symbolic exclusion by the majority had only intensified. …" @default.
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• W289669149 date "2004-12-01" @default.
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• W289669149 title "Cacipen Pal O Roma. A Global Report on Roma in Slovakia" @default.
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