FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W2897328376> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W2897328376 abstract "This PhD thesis discusses Chinese trade and financial relations with Canada, Australia, Britain, Japan, France, West Germany, Mexico, Argentina, and the Netherlands in the context of the Beijing government's domestic economic problems and policies and also the US-led trade embargo against China over the period 1957 to 1963. By focussing on key trade negotiations and agreements between the Chinese and these non-Communist nations the thesis demonstrates the importance of these contacts in terms of the grain, agricultural, and petrochemical sectors of the Chinese economy. The thesis also shows the vital importance of this particular period of Chinese trade diplomacy with non-Communist nations. Trade diplomacy precipitated a 'credit race' among participants in the Chinese market and led to the breakdown of US-led trade controls against China. Despite China's grave economic situation, its negotiators were able to exploit competition among suppliers arising from surpluses and overproduction in non-Communist countries. In making use of recently declassified government archives in Canada, Australia, Britain and the US, the thesis examines a topic and period which has received little attention from historians and reaches several new conclusions. First, the 1961 to 1963 Chinese purchases of Western grain were a continuation of 'test purchases' which began in early 1958 in response to serious food shortages and famine that had begun to develop in 1957-58. These 'test purchases' were terminated during the Great Leap Forward from mid-1958. But in late 1960 Chen Yun, Zhou Enlai, and Li Xiannian became the chief architects of a new and expanded grain import policy which was also supported and encouraged by the PLA leadership. Secondly, beginning in April 1961, cash purchases were succeeded by the granting of medium-term credits of increasing duration which were instrumental in arresting deaths from starvation by early 1962, thus allowing the Chinese to implement economic policies aimed at 'readjustment'. Thirdly, beginning in autumn 1961, both the Chinese and US governments became internally divided over the possibility of negotiating Sino-American grain sales. The US government continued to be under pressure from the US 'China Lobby' and the Taiwanese government to maintain a firm stance against those calling for changes to US 'China policy'. With the conflict in Vietnam showing signs of worsening, the US government continued efforts at extraterritorial application of its Foreign Assets Control legislation. Washington's continued inflexibility with respect to the trade embargo against China increasingly caused friction in US-allied relations and contributed to the near breakdown by late 1963 of the US led controls on exports of non-military goods to China. Fourthly, it was necessary to relate China's need for grain imports to its determination in 1962-63 to improve its agricultural productivity on the basis of importing fertiliser, and equipment and technology required for fertiliser production. Fifthly, medium-term and long-term credits obtained to facilitate purchases of grain and fertiliser production equipment and technology respectively were instrumental in stabilising China's economic situation and vital to developing improved trade relations with non-Communist interests. The first chapter discusses Chinese grain shortages and the Chinese economy between 1953 and 1963. Chapters two through eight focus on the Chinese-Western grain trade while the final chapter discusses Chinese purchases of chemical fertiliser and chemical fertiliser production equipment and related technology which involves the larger question of Chinese economic planning in 1962-63." @default.
• W2897328376 created "2018-10-26" @default.
• W2897328376 creator A5049709279 @default.
• W2897328376 date "2000-01-01" @default.
• W2897328376 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2897328376 title "Trade, grain and diplomacy in China's economic relations with the West and Japan 1957-1963." @default.
• W2897328376 doi "https://doi.org/10.25501/soas.00029011" @default.
• W2897328376 hasPublicationYear "2000" @default.
• W2897328376 type Work @default.
• W2897328376 sameAs 2897328376 @default.
• W2897328376 citedByCount "0" @default.
• W2897328376 crossrefType "dissertation" @default.
• W2897328376 hasAuthorship W2897328376A5049709279 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConcept C136264566 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConcept C138885662 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConcept C155202549 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConcept C162324750 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConcept C166957645 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConcept C17744445 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConcept C191935318 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConcept C199539241 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConcept C199776023 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConcept C205649164 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConcept C2778137410 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConcept C2779343474 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConcept C2780652622 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConcept C41895202 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConcept C542948173 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConcept C557252395 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConcept C94625758 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConceptScore W2897328376C136264566 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConceptScore W2897328376C138885662 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConceptScore W2897328376C155202549 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConceptScore W2897328376C162324750 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConceptScore W2897328376C166957645 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConceptScore W2897328376C17744445 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConceptScore W2897328376C191935318 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConceptScore W2897328376C199539241 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConceptScore W2897328376C199776023 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConceptScore W2897328376C205649164 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConceptScore W2897328376C2778137410 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConceptScore W2897328376C2779343474 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConceptScore W2897328376C2780652622 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConceptScore W2897328376C41895202 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConceptScore W2897328376C542948173 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConceptScore W2897328376C557252395 @default.
• W2897328376 hasConceptScore W2897328376C94625758 @default.
• W2897328376 hasLocation W28973283761 @default.
• W2897328376 hasOpenAccess W2897328376 @default.
• W2897328376 hasPrimaryLocation W28973283761 @default.
• W2897328376 hasRelatedWork W10035559 @default.
• W2897328376 hasRelatedWork W1481505353 @default.
• W2897328376 hasRelatedWork W1588604439 @default.
• W2897328376 hasRelatedWork W1923269061 @default.
• W2897328376 hasRelatedWork W201869617 @default.
• W2897328376 hasRelatedWork W2041797958 @default.
• W2897328376 hasRelatedWork W2077329463 @default.
• W2897328376 hasRelatedWork W2083025108 @default.
• W2897328376 hasRelatedWork W2089755835 @default.
• W2897328376 hasRelatedWork W2269443914 @default.
• W2897328376 hasRelatedWork W2312193235 @default.
• W2897328376 hasRelatedWork W2367535902 @default.
• W2897328376 hasRelatedWork W2475899588 @default.
• W2897328376 hasRelatedWork W2488043285 @default.
• W2897328376 hasRelatedWork W2494862619 @default.
• W2897328376 hasRelatedWork W270104908 @default.
• W2897328376 hasRelatedWork W3204162280 @default.
• W2897328376 hasRelatedWork W344414883 @default.
• W2897328376 hasRelatedWork W123172464 @default.
• W2897328376 hasRelatedWork W2604588581 @default.
• W2897328376 isParatext "false" @default.
• W2897328376 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W2897328376 magId "2897328376" @default.
• W2897328376 workType "dissertation" @default.