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• W2897539462 endingPage "43" @default.
• W2897539462 startingPage "30" @default.
• W2897539462 abstract "One of the most striking adaptations to exercise is the skeletal muscle hypertrophy that occurs in response to resistance exercise. A large body of work shows that a mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-mediated increase of muscle protein synthesis is the key, but not sole, mechanism by which resistance exercise causes muscle hypertrophy. While much of the hypertrophy signaling cascade has been identified, the initiating, resistance exercise-induced and hypertrophy-stimulating stimuli have remained elusive. For the purpose of this review, we define an initiating, resistance exercise-induced and hypertrophy-stimulating signal as “hypertrophy stimulus,” and the sensor of such a signal as “hypertrophy sensor.” In this review we discuss our current knowledge of specific mechanical stimuli, damage/injury-associated and metabolic stress-associated triggers, as potential hypertrophy stimuli. Mechanical signals are the prime hypertrophy stimuli candidates, and a filamin-C-BAG3-dependent regulation of mTORC1, Hippo, and autophagy signaling is a plausible albeit still incompletely characterized hypertrophy sensor. Other candidate mechanosensing mechanisms are nuclear deformation-initiated signaling or several mechanisms related to costameres, which are the functional equivalents of focal adhesions in other cells. While exercise-induced muscle damage is probably not essential for hypertrophy, it is still unclear whether and how such muscle damage could augment a hypertrophic response. Interventions that combine blood flow restriction and especially low load resistance exercise suggest that resistance exercise-regulated metabolites could be hypertrophy stimuli, but this is based on indirect evidence and metabolite candidates are poorly characterized." @default.
• W2897539462 created "2018-10-26" @default.
• W2897539462 creator A5001186834 @default.
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• W2897539462 creator A5076720369 @default.
• W2897539462 creator A5087514509 @default.
• W2897539462 date "2019-01-01" @default.
• W2897539462 modified "2023-10-11" @default.
• W2897539462 title "Stimuli and sensors that initiate skeletal muscle hypertrophy following resistance exercise" @default.
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