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- W2898038828 abstract "Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) has emerged over the past decade in the United States as a first-line treatment option for retinoblastoma. In this short time span, IAC has sparked optimism and controversy in equal measure. There is the potential to save lives, save eyes, and save vision. However, nuances in delivery technique, choice of chemotherapeutic agent(s), and patient selection remain a subject of debate. The technique involves cannulation of the ophthalmic artery by highly specialized interventionalist teams working in collaboration with treating ophthalmologists. This enables delivery of chemotherapy directly to the eye, thereby avoiding, to large extent, side effects associated with systemic therapy. One certainty is that the procedure carries its own inherent risks. Different centers have described variable complication rates associated with IAC, particularly ophthalmic vascular events (arterial or venous occlusion, retinal or choroidal ischemia, vitreous hemorrhage, and subretinal hemorrhage among them).1Abramson D.H. Daniels A.B. Marr B.P. et al.Intra-arterial chemotherapy (ophthalmic artery chemosurgery) for group D retinoblastoma.PLoS One. 2016; 11: e0146582Crossref PubMed Scopus (97) Google Scholar, 2Jabbour P. Chalouhi N. Tjoumakaris S. et al.Pearls and pitfalls of intraarterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma.J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2012; 10: 175-181Crossref PubMed Scopus (93) Google Scholar There has been a general sense that a learning curve exists—that complications decrease with operator experience. Dalvin et al3Dalvin L.A. Ancona-Lezama D. Lucio-Alvarez J.A. et al.Ophthalmic vascular events following primary unilateral intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma in early and recent eras.Ophthalmology. 2018; 125: 1803-1811Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF Scopus (31) Google Scholar (see page 1803) are to be commended for being the first to probe this hypothesis rigorously. In their retrospective, comparative analysis, they describe ophthalmic vascular events at a single center performing a high volume of IAC procedures. Cases were divided into an early era and a later era. Differences in the rate of vascular events clearly are shown to be attributable to the year in which the procedure was performed, as opposed to other factors, suggesting that operator experience matters. The cohort is ideal for the study of time and experience on outcomes. All infusions were performed by the same interventionalist neurosurgeon, thereby creating a single, continuous learning curve to analyze over the 9-year study period spanning 2009 through 2017. A respectably large number of infusions (243 total) were included. A caveat is that some patients in the later era were excluded, because they had not completed the prescribed course of 3 IAC cycles by study end date. Vascular events related to IAC generally are detected at the time of, or soon after, the procedure. This leaves open the possibility that vascular complications were underdetected in the later era. Furthermore, there was a modification in the IAC catheterization technique implemented between the early and later eras. Although operator experience and refinement of technique are intertwined, it is possible that the newer procedure itself was safer and a more influential factor than experience. It is important to recognize that ophthalmic vascular events typically are not observed in individuals treated with systemic (intravenous) chemotherapy. Therefore, IAC may not always be associated with superior visual outcomes, although globe salvage rates have shown to be higher.4Munier F.L. Mosimann P. Puccinelli F. et al.First-line intra-arterial versus intravenous chemotherapy in unilateral sporadic group D retinoblastoma: evidence of better visual outcomes, ocular survival and shorter time to success with intra-arterial delivery from retrospective review of 20 years of treatment.Br J Ophthalmol. 2017; 101: 1086-1093Crossref PubMed Scopus (61) Google Scholar The number of centers offering IAC in the United States and around the world is expanding. A point of emphasis, as Dalvin et al underscore, is that vascular events still occur, even in the most competent of hands and in centers with extensive experience with IAC. In addition, the overall extent of long-term side effects cannot yet be known. It would be wise to remember that external beam radiotherapy was at one time recognized as a major treatment advance. Many decades passed before the detrimental effects of radiation were realized fully. Since its introduction in the United States over a decade ago, there has been clear progress in the technique of delivery for IAC. This does not change the fact that the risks are real, even among highly experienced providers. Careful discussions with patients and families to review available treatment options and the risks and benefits for each therapy are warranted. Prospective studies are needed to understand definitively the full impact of IAC and other newer therapies. Ophthalmic Vascular Events after Primary Unilateral Intra-arterial Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma in Early and Recent ErasOphthalmologyVol. 125Issue 11PreviewTo assess risk factors for ophthalmic vascular events after intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) for retinoblastoma. Full-Text PDF" @default.
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- W2898038828 date "2018-11-01" @default.
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- W2898038828 title "Intra-arterial Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma: Experience Matters but Risks Remain" @default.
- W2898038828 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.08.020" @default.
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