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• W2899140847 abstract "Most of the industrial and agricultural wastewaters in Veneto, north Italy are conveyed to the Venetian lagoon through its drainage basin; mainly as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in addition to other pollutants such as heavy metals. In 2000, the total N load was one-third higher than the maximum allowable reference value of 3000 t/year for lagoon inputs as indicated by the Ministerial decree (Ministero dell’Ambiente, 1999), while the total P was 229 t/year. Based on this, inputs of nitrogen into the Venetian Lagoon system must be reduced dramatically in the near future, or at least the maximum allowable value should be attained. Constructed wetlands (CW) offered promising solutions for the control of nutrient pollution, specifically from agricultural run-off, at relatively low cost and energy inputs. Few semi-natural (NW) and re-constructed systems (RCW) are present in Italy and designed for the treatment of diffuse pollution sources from agricultural and civil catchments with major concentration in central and north Italy.This PhD research aimed at determining some of the positive effects that a wetland can give to environment. In particular, it aimed at quantifying the reduction of pollution from agricultural run-off in a conventional cropping system within the Venetian lagoon system. Understanding some water dynamics and improving water quality in a farm channel network was an additional objective. Furthermore it aimed at verifying and quantifying the efficiency of different surface flow constructed wetland systems and the uptake capability and growth performance of different plant species, mainly macrophytes.A full-scale integrated wetland system was constructed in 2014 restoring a semi-natural wetland into two surface flow systems, free water surface (FWS), and floating treatment systems (FTW). The system was monitored in terms of water quality parameters and vegetative performance for 3 consecutive years. In assumption, total nitrogen (TN) and nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3-) concentrations showed peaks at inlet of the FWS during high agricultural seasons in spring as a result of fertilization of surrounding croplands and runoff due to excessive rainfall. A general reduction effect in both parameters was clear at the system outlet over the years with the increased establishment of the wetland system. High removal efficiency was attained by FWS after the establishment of the wetland system in 2016 with removal percentages of 64 and 91 accounting for mass removals of 2327 and 1873 kg for TN and N-NO3-, respectively. Regarding plant species used in the FTW, Carex spp. showed the highest survival rate, biomass production, N and P uptake over 3 consecutive seasons followed by Lythrum salicaria while, I. pseudacorus did not perform well in the FTW in terms of survival, biomass production and nutrient uptake.In 2016, an event-driven pilot experiment was designated within the aforementioned integrated wetland by applying excessive N-NO3- load to a specific isolated sub-basin system comprising 3 sub-basins with known volume and water capacity to test the phytodepuration efficiency and some water dynamics within this system. The elevated NO3- solution was homogenized in the first sub-basin while, the second and the third were meant to monitor the depuration effect. A peak of 66 mg l-1 was noticed at the monitored (second) sub-basin inlet following the transfer, indicating homogeneity of solution in the first sub-basin. After 12 hours (detention time), median concentration at inlet was 45.34 mg l-1 while it reached 41.5 mg l-1 at the outlet. Removal efficiency of the sub-basin calculated in the 12 hours following the detention was 8.4% with mass removal of ~800 g of N-NO3- (1g m-2 d-1). Based on the N-NO3- concentrations within the monitored sub-basin at different monitoring times, it could be concluded that, despite some preferential flows caused by some vegetative obstructions, the system eventually distributes the input nutrient volumes across the sub-basin.Finally, an evaluation of performance of macrophyte plant species treating different types of wastewaters in FTW was done by compiling data related to the growth performances of 20 plant species used in Tech-IA® floating system in 9 different experiments in north Italy over a decade (2006-2016). Statistical analysis was performed for the plants frequently used in many experiments namely; Phragmites australis, I. pseudacorus, Typha latifolia, Carex spp. and L. salicaria while dual-purpose species (ornamental value and wastewater treatment) were evaluated separately. I. pseudacorus, P. australis and T. latifolia showed the best growth performances, especially in the treatment of municipal wastewater, whereas ornamental species such as Canna indica, Mentha aquatica, and Pontederia cordata proved to be efficient potentials for the treatment of wastewaters in FTWs. In addition, plant performances were affected by factors such as plant age and physicochemical characteristics of wastewaters. In general, surface flow constructed wetland systems proved to be promising solution in the treatment of many types of wastewaters with special focus on agricultural runoff." @default.
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• W2899140847 date "2018-02-06" @default.
• W2899140847 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W2899140847 title "Wastewater treatment and plant performance in surface flow constructed wetlands" @default.
• W2899140847 hasPublicationYear "2018" @default.
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